In this chapter, excerpts from famous or little-known works of French literature are used to illustrate how eighteenth- and nineteenth-century physicians tried to treat neuropsychiatric illnesses. Although the causes were unknown to them, they did not hesitate to inflict suffering on their patients, who were often in an appalling condition to begin with. Novelists such as Gustave Flaubert, Alph...

A chronic wound is a wound that does not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time or wounds that do not heal within three months are often considered chronic. Chronic wounds often remain in the inflammatory stage for too long and may never heal or may take years. Chronic wound patients often report pain as dominant in their lives. Persistent pain is the main problem ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease found in the elderly. Drug options that are recommended by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon (AAOS) are acetaminophen, NSAIDs, tramadol, capscaicin and intraarticular corticosteroids. However, there is concern for the possible side effects resulting from long term use of those medications. Researchers are searching for ...

on the whole very much resemble the yellow fever of equatorial regions. The best treatment for such cases, if seen at an early period, appears to be, to open the bowels promptly and effectually ; 1 > grains of calomel with 10 grains of quinine may be given at once, followed in two hours by a good saline draught having 10 grains of quinine in it. Blood ought to be drawn by cupping or leeching ov...

BACKGROUND There are case reports and small series in the literature relating to the use of medicinal leeches by plastic surgeons; however, larger series from individual units are rare. The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive 4-year case series of the use of medicinal leeches, discuss the current evidence regarding indications, risks, and benefits and highlight the recent updates ...

A 67 year old patient underwent interventional cardiac catheterisation for cardiac angina. An 80% stenosis of the left anterior descending artery and a 90% stenosis of the posterior descending artery were stented. A distal stenosis of the left anterior descending artery was dilated. Catheterisation was performed via the right radial artery. The patient received a combination of clopidogrel, ace...