The first DNA sequences obtained from arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi are reported. They were obtained by directly sequencing overlapping amplified fragments of the nuclear genes coding for the small subunit rRNA. These sequences were used to develop a polymerase chain reaction primer (VANS1) that enables the specific amplification of a portion of the vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungu...

As large-scale DNA sequencing technologies become more efficient and cheaper, the genomic DNAs of more and more plants are being sequenced, assembled, and annotated. These complete sequences are extremely valuable for the identification of specific genes associated with important phenotypes. The purpose of this document is to propose an efficient strategy for an international effort to sequence...

Code Obfuscation is a protection technique that transforms the software into a semantically equivalent one which is strenuous to reverse engineer. As a part of software protection and security, code obfuscation got commercial interest from both vendors’ side to keep their proprietary as secret and customers’ side to have a trusted software that don’t leek or destroy their personal information. ...

We investigated the effects on various crops of inoculation with species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils from different sources and selected AMF species suitable for domestic environment-friendly farming. Effects on plants varied with the AMF species used. In carrot, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora longula, and Funneliformis mosseae had a positive effect on growth of the ho...

M. PFEIFER 1 , 2 ∗, P . J . PLATTS 2 , 3 , N . D . B U R G E S S 3 , 4 , 5 , R . D. S W ET NAM 6 , S . WILLCOCK 7 , S . L . LEWIS 7 AND R. MARCHANT 2 1Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Buckhurst Road, London SL5 7PY, UK, 2York Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Dynamics, Environment Department, University of York, Heslin...