AIM The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, causes and forms of the use of legal highs in Poland. METHODS The study was based on an original questionnaire and was carried out through the Internet before banning of the legal highs in Poland. RESULTS The study covered 3013 people, aged 24.7 +/- 6.9, of which 9.3% admitted to use legal highs (6.5% ofwomen, and 14.7% ofmen, P < 0.01...

The author reviewed the literature on legal risk management in patient care, and carried out research in two acute care hospitals. The hospital research involved auditing policies and procedures, interviewing key people in the hospital, reviewing external legal and policy trends, and examining selected complaints files and legal cases. The results were used to develop a 'typology' of legal risk...

Legal ontologies are conceptual models of specific parts of the legal domain. They provide stable foundations for domain representation, essential to building legal information systems. The ontology presented in this paper provides an analysis of the concept of knowledge in the legal domain. It is shown how new functions for IT applications in the legal domain can be developed on the basis of t...

This article explores the dog meat debate in Korea from a socio-legal perspective. It first examines the legal status of dogs and dog meat, and the legal protection for dogs under the old and new legislative frameworks. It then discusses socio-legal challenges to banning dog meat in the Korean context, employing examples of both legal approaches taken by other countries and the politics of dog ...

This Article presents an overview of the higher legal education system in China: its structure, purposes, teaching methods, and problems. The Article suggests ways to reform China’s higher legal education system, including clinical legal education, one of the new practical teaching methods that has been used by many law schools in China with promising results. CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION AND THE R...

legal capital refers to the disciplinary spirit governing the relations among citizens within the frameworks defined by societies’ statutory and customary law. based on the present view, any social development is meaningless within a society which lacks legal capital, i.e. legal capital is formed in societies where the rule of law is previously established. therefore, rule of law indicates a su...

Controlled Legal German (CLG) is a controlled natural language being developed for the representation of legal norms contained in Swiss statutes and regulations. This paper discusses the main design requirements CLG faces and the strategies it applies to meet them. CLG aims at providing representations for legal norms that are both formal and can be easily understood and verified by legal exper...

In the present paper we overlay boolean game with norms. Norms distinguish illegal strategies from legal strategies. Two types of legal strategy and legal Nash equilibrium are defined. These two equilibrium are viewed as solution concepts for law abiding agents in norm augmented boolean games. Our formal model is a combination of boolean games and so called input/output logic. We study various ...

Identifying legal and illegal states significantly reduces computational complexity of ATPG. A unified framework for identification of the legal and illegal states is presented. Most known methods for identification of the legal and illegal states are interpretable within this framework. New theorems and the resulting procedures for identifying exact collection of legal or illegal states of a c...