in this paper, the effects of reflected waves of the facets on the internal optical intensity of semiconductor dfb lasers are investigated. the uniformity of optical intensity along the cavity length is evaluated with flatness parameter. the dependence of this parameter on coupling coefficient, reflectivity and grating phase at the facets is also studied. this investigation shows that in some s...

The influence of series elastic structures on the dynamics of the contractile machinery was examined in the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) of five male Wistar rats, with respect to enhancement of work of a muscle-tendon complex after active stretch. Imposed isotonic and isokinetic contractions were preceded by either an isometric phase (PI) or an active stretch (PS). The effects of fibre length di...

Speech development in children is predicated partly on the growth and anatomic restructuring of the vocal tract. This study examines the growth pattern of the various hard and soft tissue vocal tract structures as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and assesses their relational growth with vocal tract length (VTL). Measurements on lip thickness, hard- and soft-palate length, tongue...

In this study we make use of the Swarm counter-rotation constellation for estimating typical scale length post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) along fluxtubes. The close approaches between spacecraft near equator occurred in September and October 2021, covering magnetic local time from 19:00 to 23:00, which is favorable occurrence EPBs. It first show quasi-simultaneously samplings by A/...

We establish compactness properties for sets of length-minimizing admissible paths of a prescribed small length. This implies subanayticity of small subRiemannian balls for a wide class of real-analytic sub-Riemannian structures: for any structure without abnormal minimizers and for many structures without strictly abnormal minimizers.