Parse-tree paths are commonly used to incorporate information from syntactic parses into NLP systems. These systems typically treat the paths as atomic (or nearly atomic) features; these features are quite sparse due to the immense variety of syntactic expression. In this paper, we propose a general method for learning how to iteratively simplify a sentence, thus decomposing complicated syntax ...

This paper presents a lexical choice component for complex noun phrases. We rst explain why lexical choice for NPs deserves special attention within the standard pipeline architecture for a generator. The task of the lexical chooser for NPs is more complex than for clauses because the syntax of NPs is less understood than for clauses, and therefore, syntactic realization components, while they ...

This paper proposes a method for assigning gestures to text based on lexical and syntactic information. First, our empirical study identified lexical and syntactic information strongly correlated with gesture occurrence and suggested that syntactic structure is more useful for judging gesture occurrence than local syntactic cues. Based on the empirical results, we have implemented a system that...

We present a method for lexical simplification. Simplification rules are learned from a comparable corpus, and the rules are applied in a context-aware fashion to input sentences. Our method is unsupervised. Furthermore, it does not require any alignment or correspondence among the complex and simple corpora. We evaluate the simplification according to three criteria: preservation of grammatica...

We investigated whether phonological relationships at the lexical level affect syntactic encoding during sentence production. Cleland and Pickering (2003) showed that syntactic priming effects are enhanced by semantic, but not phonological relations between lexical items, suggesting that there are no effects of phonology on syntactic encoding. Here we report four experiments investigating the i...

A two-way Textual Entailment (TE) recognition system that uses lexical and syntactic features has been described in this paper. The TE system is rule based that uses lexical and syntactic similarities. The important lexical similarity features that are used in the present system are: WordNet based uni-gram match, bi-gram match, longest common sub-sequence, skip-gram, stemming. In the syntactic ...

Grammatical gender is one of the most difficult aspects to acquire in a latelearned second language (L2), especially for learners whose first language does not have grammatical gender, e.g. English (Franceschina, 2005). There are two aspects of gender that present challenges to learners: First, learners need to learn the target gender of individual nouns, i.e. they need to assign a noun (e.g. S...

Comprehension and/or production of noun phrases and sentences requires the selection of lexical-syntactic attributes of nouns. These lexical-syntactic attributes include grammatical gender (masculine/feminine/neuter), number (singular/plural) and countability (mass/count). While there has been considerable discussion regarding gender and number, relatively little attention has focused on counta...

The task of identifying complex words (CWs) is important for lexical simplification, however it is often carried out with no evaluation of success. There is no basis for comparison of current techniques and, prior to this work, there has been no standard corpus or evaluation technique for the CW identification task. This paper addresses these shortcomings with a new corpus for evaluating a syst...

Collocational deficiency is a pervasive phenomenon in learner English. Language learners often fail to choose the correct combination of two or more words due to their unawareness of collocational properties in vocabulary. They are apt to adopt lexical simplification strategies such as using a synonymous or Ll-influenced expression. This paper presents a corpus-based study on the collocational ...