THE usual procedure in the Kuhnt-Szymanowski operation is to commence by splitting the lid along the grey line. Sometimes there may be difficulty identifying this line and also the plane into which the splitting of the lid should be carried, because the lid margin is thickened and its direction distorted. It may be found helpful to reverse the order of the customary steps by first excising the ...

Multi-objective optimization linked with an urban stormwater model is used in this study to identify cost-effective low impact development (LID) implementation designs for small urbanizing watersheds. The epsilon-Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (ε-NSGAII) has been coupled with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to balance the costs and the hyd...

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Dopamine replacement therapy with levodopa alleviates parkinsonian motor symptoms but is complicated by the development of involuntary movements, termed levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Aberrant activity in the striatum has been hypothesized to cause LID. Here, to establish a direct link between striata...

To cite: Hassan AS, Oliphant H, Baddeley P. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013201867 DESCRIPTION A 60-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of gradually worsening ptosis affecting his left upper lid. Nine years ago he had undergone excision of a left acoustic neuroma; this resulted in a left-sided facial palsy, which was partially treated ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) and β-arrestin1 in the striatum is closely associated with hyperactive dopamine receptors in rats with levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Our research group has shown that Tianqi antitremor granules have a significant effect on the motor complications of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether ...

On examination, vision in the right eye was 6/9. There was periorbital edema and tenderness most marked in the lateral upper lid. On lid retraction (Fig. 1) there was localised chemosis, and an enlarged vascular lacrimal swelling with vellow purulent material in the upper temporal fornix. Extreme lateral gaze was slightly limited but there was no fluctuant area in the lid. Systemically he had a...

The eyeball proptoses about 0.5 mM and increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) about 2 mmHg with voluntary widening of the lid fissure. The findings probably result from the retraction of the upper lid into the orbit, thus increasing the volume of orbit contents and forcing the eyeball forward. Decrease in IOP with repeated tonometry may result, in part, from decay of the increased pressure ind...

normal. (iv) Bulbar conjunctiva was quite normal. V the upper fornix a whitish swelling of the size of three-quarter of an inch by half an inch was Been, this swelling became much more marked on everting e upper lid when it was seen extending on the uine spect of the upper lid to about one-quarter of an in? Jove the lid margin and above the limbus. This veiling was cystic in feeling. (vi) Rest ...

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) receiving L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA, the gold-standard treatment for this disease) frequently develop abnormal involuntary movements, termed L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID). Glutamate overactivity is well documented in PD and LID. An approach to manage LID is to add to L-DOPA specific agents to reduce dyskinesias such as metabotropic glutamate ...