We consider the propagation of polarized light in a medium with Maxwell fish eye refraction index profile. show that polarization violates additional symmetries so ray trajectories no longer remain closed. Then we suggest modified, polarization-dependent which restores all initial profile and yields closed light. Explicit expressions for integrals motion solutions corresponding are presented.

The inquiry-based learning model can facilitate students’ understanding of scientific concepts. Scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs) are related to about the nature process knowledge in science education. However, whether “prediction-observation-explanation” (POE) fifth graders’ concept achievement and SEBs education has not been extensively studied. This study selected unit Light Refracti...

patriotic pride, who called conical refraction “the radiant stranger” in a florid passage in his memoirs. The two physicists responsible for the theoretical prediction and experimental confirmation of conical refraction were William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) and Humphrey Lloyd (1800-1881), both professors of Trinity College Dublin (fig. 1). Ireland’s recent Year of Hamilton (2005) provided an ...

This study presents experimental measurements of the absorption and scattering cross sections and the spectral complex index of refraction of filamentous cyanobacteria. Filamentous heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica was chosen as a model organism. Its filaments consisted of long chains of polydisperse cells. Their average mass scattering and absorption cross sections were measured...