D yspnoea and reduced exercise tolerance are the hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the advanced phases of the disease the ability to exercise is mainly limited by the combination of a reduced ventilatory capacity, increased ventilatory requirement and lung dynamic hyperinflation. Importantly, the aforementioned respiratory mehanical abnormalities are well recognised ...

Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract Lighter is a fast, memory-efficient tool for correcting sequencing errors. Lighter avoids counting k-mers. Instead, it uses a pair of Bloom filters, one holding a sample of the input k-mers and the othe...

ith all of the excitement in the media concerning cosmetic dental makeovers and “spa dentistry,” it’s possible sometimes for dentists to lose our focus. The root of dentistry is still restorative treatment in the posterior regions to eliminate caries, repair fractures, and replace restorations whose warranties have long expired. This, after all, is the “bread and butter” of dentistry. There wil...

Determining gas compositions from live well fluids on a drilling rig is critical for real time formation evaluation. Development and utilization of reliable mass spectrometric method to accurately characterize these are always challenging due lack robust effectively selective instrument procedure. The methods currently utilized need better calibration the characterization light hydrocarbons (C1...

We offer novel evidence that a Black man appears lighter in the mind’s eye following a counter-stereotypic prime, a phenomenon we refer to as skin tone memory bias. In Experiment 1, participants were primed subliminally with the counterstereotypic word educated or with the stereotypic word ignorant, followed by the target stimulus of a Black man’s face. A recognition memory task for the target’...

Relative weights of heart, spleen, pancreas, and liver and the relative lengths of the small intestine and the cecum were taken from 40 farm-bred and 43 wild juvenile red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa Linnaeus) in central Spain. Expressed as a ratio to head and body length, farm-bred partridges had lighter hearts (17% lighter), spleens (78%), and livers (29%) and shorter small intestines (1...

In an inhomogeneous checkerboard surround, the lighter check darkens an incremental test patch more than the darker check lightens it. However, decremental test patches are influenced equally [Schirillo & Shevell, 1996. Vision Research, 36, 1783-1796]. In the current study, we manipulate the spatial arrangement of a checkerboard surround to produce T-junctions that perceptually group the checks...

Synesthesia-like mappings between visual lightness and auditory pitch and between visual lightness and melodic interval were examined. When subjects rated how visual lightnesses and auditory pitches "fit together," lighter stimuli fit better with higher pitches, and darker stimuli fit better with lower pitches. These patterns were stronger against black than against white visual backgrounds; ho...