one of the most prominent industries is bending, while using rotary draw bending method is known to be the most conventional approach for thin wall tube bending. pressure die is one effective tool which boosts the tube during the process and eventually improves the bending quality. other effective parameters are mandrel and the amount of clearance between tube and mandrel. in the present study,...

Phalaenopsis is an important ornamental pot plant for the global horticultural market. The inflorescences of hybrids require support from a stick during cultivation because weight multiple large flowers. Developing hybrid with sufficiently lignified inflorescence stem that does not additional could be way to reduce costs production. This study aimed (i) determine orientation and degree lignific...

The lignified tissue in the secondary stem is main source of wood. In this study, we applied RNA-Seq analysis to poplar stems three developmental stages, including primary (PS), transitional (TS), and (SS), identify a total 2028 genes that were highly expressed SS. Gene annotation indicated functions these are mainly involved cell wall biosynthesis, xylem development, programmed death (PCD) pro...

To investigate the lignification process and its physiological significance under drought-stressed conditions, the changes in enzymes responsible for lignification and the related physiological parameters were determined in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) leaves during 28 d of water deficit treatment. Water deficit gradually decreased leaf water potential (Psiw) to -2.33 MPa at day 28. For t...

Lignin is an abundant aromatic plant cell wall polymer consisting of phenylpropanoid units in which the aromatic rings display various degrees of methoxylation. Tricin [5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one], a flavone, was recently established as a true monomer in grass lignins. To elucidate the incorporation pathways of tricin into grass lignin, the metabolites of m...

Gerbera one of 10 important cut flowers in the world and Iran. One of the most problems is low-life after harvest and neck bending. Producers want to increase longevity of these flowers with using chemical solutions. With the aim of achieving the best chemical treatments to increase flower vase life gerbera Goodtimming, nano silver (5 mg l-1), humic acid (50 mg l-1), gibberellic acid (2.5 mg l-...

Bending process is one of the most significant fields of application of sheet metal die. In bending process, it is quite vital that the product should have the desired angle. Furthermore, in order to obtain the desired angle in the bent parts, spring-go and spring-back amounts must be known. In this study, 30o, 60o and 90o bending processes were applied to S235JR (1.0038) sheet metal having 3, ...

One of the reasons for relatively high biomass harvesting cost is challenges in adjusting the ground speed of harvesting machines with respect to the yield level within a field. A real-time biomass yield sensor that can predict the yield in front of a machine could be a useful tool to control ground speed. It was hypothesized that the force required to bend Miscanthus stems is a reliable predic...