The paper is concerned with the strength of DNA evidence when a suspect is identified via a search through a database of the DNA profiles of known individuals. Consideration of the appropriate likelihood ratio shows that in this setting the DNA evidence is (slightly) stronger than when a suspect is identified by other means, subsequently profiled, and found to match. The recommendation of the 1...

This article provides an introductory step-by-step process to appraise an article on diagnosis. The authors introduce these principles using a systematic approach and case-based format. The process of assessing the validity of an article on diagnosis, determining its importance, and applying it to an individual patient is reviewed. The concepts of study population homogeneity, reference and cri...

This paper proposes a smart design strategy for a sequential detector to reliably detect the primary user’s signal, especially in fast fading environments. We study the computation of the log-likelihood ratio for coping with a fast changing received signal and noise sample variances, which are considered random variables. First, we analyze the detectability of the conventional generalized log-l...

This report proposes a design of an adaptive receiver for the detection and estimation of nearly periodic signals in additive Gaussian noise. A nearly periodic signal is defined to be a sample function of a Gaussian random process which can be divided into equal length intervals, called periods, in such a manner that the correlation between periods decreases exponentially with their separation....

In pattern classification tasks, errors are introduced because of differences between the true model and the one obtained via model estimation. Using likelihood-ratio based classification, it is possible to correct for this discrepancy by finding class-pair specific terms to adjust the likelihood ratio directly, and that can make class-pair preference relationships intransitive. In this work, w...

Likelihood ratio (LR) tests for the cointegrating rank of a vector autoregressive (VAR) process have been developed under diierent assumptions regarding deterministic terms. For instance, nonzero mean terms and linear trends have been accounted for in some of the tests. In this paper we provide a general framework for deriving the local power properties of these tests. Thereby it is possible to...

In this paper we describe the major elements of MIT Lincoln Laboratory’s Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based speaker verification system used successfully in several NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluations (SREs). The system is built around the likelihood ratio test for verification, using simple but effective GMMs for likelihood functions, a universal background model (UBM) for alternative speaker...

After the Shewhart method was suggested for industrial applications, other applications such as surveillance for bioterrorism and financial transactions have come into focus. Also other methods for surveillance have followed. The relation between the Shewhart method and the followers is examined. A uniform presentation of methods, by expressions of likelihood ratios, facilitates the comparisons...

This paper presents a speech-model using the Linear Predictive (LP) residual signal and Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). With this model an accuracy of the reverberation time estimation can be improved. During past decade, the reverberation time estimation was performed using only maximum likelihood detector, which resulted in excess time of estimation. For the purpose of estimating room aco...

The Bayesian time-frequency detector operating on spectrogram of non stationary signals is studied. As direct evaluation of the likelihood ratio is impossible, an a priori user parameter called focus is introduced. It is defined as a local time-frequency signal to noise ratio at which the detection is tuned to be optimal. Leading to a unique detection threshold, the parameter introduced is equi...