Background: Infections include soft tissue infections are notable reason for hospital admission among IDUs, owing to unsterile injection techniques and equipment, contamination of drugs with organisms, and poor hygiene. In present case report a patient with profound limb infection is introduced. Case: A 32 years old man was transferred to the emergency department. He was IDU with Iranian for...

background: fibroblasts are one of the important cells in wound healing. these cells create a proper bed for keratinocytes migration and wound contraction.wound healing in distal limb of horses has complications, such as formation of exuberant granulation tissue (egt). the main factor in this problem is overgrowing of fibroblasts. objectives: the purpose of the present study was to compare fibr...

Phantom limb phenomena were correlated with psychophysiological measures of peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity measured at the amputation stump and contralateral limb. Amputees were assigned to one of three groups depending on whether they reported phantom limb pain, non-painful phantom limb sensations, or no phantom limb at all. Skin conductance and skin temperature were recorded c...

BACKGROUND In limb regeneration of amphibians, the early steps leading to blastema formation are critical for the success of regeneration, and the initiation of regeneration in an adult limb requires the presence of nerves. Xenopus laevis tadpoles can completely regenerate an amputated limb at the early limb bud stage, and the metamorphosed young adult also regenerates a limb by a nerve-depende...

Objectives: This study aims to describe the prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain following upper limb amputation. Methods: One-hundred and forty-one participants (139 males; mean age 74.8 years; mean time since amputation 50.1 years) completed a self-report questionnaire assessing residual and phantom limb pain experience. Results: Prevalence of phantom lim...

The frequency, cause and treatment of limb pain were ascertained in a cohort of children at six time points between the ages of 5 and 13 years. Data were collected using self-completion questionnaires sent to the chief carers of children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Reports of limb pain over the study period doubled from 15.1% of children aged 5 to 32.5% aged 13; 3.4%...

Tbx4 is a crucial gene in the initiation of hindlimb development and has been reported as a determinant of hindlimb identity and a presumptive direct regulator of Fgf10 in the limb. Using a conditional allele of Tbx4, we have ablated Tbx4 function before and after limb initiation. Ablation of Tbx4 before expression in the hindlimb field confirms its requirement for limb bud outgrowth. However, ...

Theories of grounded cognition emphasize the role of sensorimotor simulation in conceptual knowledge. With regard to action concepts, the motor system is hypothesized to play a central role in their representation and processing. The present study investigates whether patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who have greater upper versus greater lower limb impairments show different patterns of p...

Human upper-limb involves for many daily human activities. The human intention for upperlimb motions can be estimated based on the activation pattern of upper-limb muscles. The upper-limb muscle activities during the daily upper-limb motions have been studied to enable power-assist robotic exoskeleton systems to estimate human upper-limb motions based on muscle electromyographic (EMG) signals. ...

An increased understanding of embryogenesis has advanced our fundamental knowledge of limb anomalies. Animal models with similar limb patterning have been used to dissect and manipulate crucial signaling centers that affect limb development and orientation. Experimental embryologists can produce limb anomalies that are similar to the human phenotype encountered in clinical practice. The evaluat...