The ability to perceive the chemical world is a universal feature of life. In mammals, the olfactory system detects and discriminates between vast numbers of distinct volatile molecules (recently estimated at an astonishing > 1012 in humans) providing critical information that allows an organism to respond appropriately to changes in its environment. The universe of volatile odorants is accommo...

SFI WORKING PAPER: 1994-10-056 SFI Working Papers contain accounts of scientific work of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Santa Fe Institute. We accept papers intended for publication in peer-reviewed journals or proceedings volumes, but not papers that have already appeared in print. Except for papers by our external faculty, papers must be based on work done at ...

This article reviews recent progress on the derivation of the fundamental PDE models in fluid mechanics from the Boltzmann equation.

Background: Monitoring serves to maintain physiologic variables within normal limits and when a parameter crosses a set threshold, an alarm is triggered. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether alarm limits are properly adjusted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by nursing staff or not.Methods: The data concerning alarm limits corresponding to the three shifts of nursing...

this paper presents a biogeography-based optimization (bbo) algorithm to solve the economic loaddispatch (eld) problem with generator constraints in thermal plants. the applied method can solvethe eld problem with constraints like transmission losses, ramp rate limits, and prohibited operatingzones. biogeography is the science of the geographical distribution of biological species. the modelsof...

Background: Designing and shielding of an appropriate radiography room has been one of the major concerns of radiation scientists since the first decade after the invention of X-rays. Recently, report No.147 of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) has been published. In this study the researchers have investigated the effect of new report recommendation on primary an...

alfalfa and maize are important agricultural plants for animal consumption. in this survey, accumulation quantity of heavy metals (fe,zn,mn,cd,pb,ni,cr) in plants irrigated by sewage and well water were compared statistically together and with normal or standard(permeable) limits in plants or foraging, during 2005. the results were as following 1-maize: the value of accumulation in maize irriga...

Ultimate limits of an open pit, which define its size and shape at the end of the mine’s life, is the pit with the highest profit value. A number of algorithms such as floating or moving cone method, floating cone method II and the corrected forms of this method, the Korobov algorithm and the corrected form of this method, dynamic programming and the Lerchs and Grossmann algorithm based on grap...