Lignin model compounds, synthetic lignins, and cedar wood have been analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography(-mass spectrometry) in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) to examine the behavior of beta-5 substructures specifically under these conditions. Two model compounds contained a beta-5 linkage and a gamma-CH2OH group. The phenolic model compound produced stilbene products ...

With the increasing of plastics content in solid waste, both municipal and industrial, also increases the interest in its use as an energy source. Some of these wastes are an important potential source of energy and might be valorized using the pyrolysis or gasification processes. However, the presence of high chlorine contents in its composition prevents its management by a thermal process, as...

Torrefaction is a thermo-chemical process that reduces the moisture content of wood and transforms it into a brittle, char-type material. The thermo-chemical process can reduce the mass of wood by 20-30% resulting in a denser, higher-valued product that can be transported more economically than traditional wood chips. Through torrefaction, wood may retain 90% of the energy value. This energy de...

Much attention has been placed on finding efficient processes for the production of ethanol and other biofuels. One area that shows promise is the conversion of synthesis gas (syngas) to ethanol and hydrogen by both thermochemical and microbiological methods. Two promising methods for creating syngas are the gasification of plant biomass and the pyrolysis of carbonbased waste products. Overall ...

A new technique was proposed to co-produce phenol and activated carbon (AC) from catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with K3PO4 in a hydrogen atmosphere, followed by activation of the pyrolytic solid residues. Lab-scale catalytic fast pyrolysis experiments were performed to quantitatively determine the pyrolytic product distribution, as well as to investigate the effects of several ...

Abstract Pyrolysis is an oxygen-free process for the thermal decomposition of raw materials. The heat conduction and flow pyrolysis products (i.e., gas fraction liquid vapour generated during pyrolysis) influence products. In this work, orientation wooden particle fibres with respect to direction source on dynamics was investigated, where there were two sizes oriented along or across source. no...

All fossil fuels found in nature — petroleum, natural gas, and coal, based on biogenic hypothesis — are formed through processes of thermochemical conversion (TCC) from biomass buried beneath the ground and subjected to millions of years of high temperature and pressure. In particular, existing theories attribute that petroleum is from diatoms (algae) and deceased creatures and coal is from dep...

Wood is a naturally renewable material with both continuous and isolated pore systems. Wood-composite panels have the privilege of offering a homogeneous structure to be used as constructional and structural materials. However, its nature makes it susceptible to biological wood-deteriorating agents, water absorption and thickness swelling, fire, etc. Using nano-materials are very easy in the wo...