PURPOSE To determine the cellular route by which vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) increases the permeability of cultured retinal endothelial cells and to test whether nitric oxide (NO) production by NO synthase (NOS) is involved in signaling VEGF's permeability enhancing effects. METHODS Cultured bovine retinal microvascular endothelial (BRE) cells were used for bioassay of perm...

The physics of moisture transfer is complex and as a result modelling is normally carried out on a macroscopic basis, with empirical coefficients used to simulate the transport process. These coefficients are not single values but depend on the moisture content of the material. The application of this data within the simulation environment requires the determination of a systematic methodology ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ionization on drug transport across the intestinal epithelium in order to include this effect in structure-absorption relationships. The pH-dependent permeation of one rapidly (alfentanil) and one slowly (cimetidine) transported basic model drug across Caco-2 cell monolayers was investigated. Both drugs had pK(a)values in the physiological ...

The characterization of gas migration through low-permeability clay formations has been a focus of R&D programs for radioactive waste disposal, which is also of great importance for shale-gas exploration, and cap-rock behavior of hydrocarbon reservoirs and CO2 sequestration. Laboratory tests on Opalinus clay cores from a shallow borehole in the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory (URL) a...

[1] Mechanical properties of rocks are characterized by their notable dependence on the applied deformation rate. However, little is known about the strain rate dependence of fluid flow properties since most laboratory tests are conducted using a single, high strain rate. We have investigated the effect of loading rate on the permeability of porous sandstones by carrying out triaxial compressio...

Friction-permeability response of rock fractures is a fundamental issue in developing geo-energy extraction and storage. This review aims to summarize promote our understanding friction-permeability relationships for inspire us create robust solutions engineering puzzles. From perspective laboratory experiments, we the common methods provide state-of-the-art discussions on frictional instabilit...