The N400 component is commonly associated with the detection of linguistic incongruity. A few studies have shown that the N400 can also be elicited by non-linguistic stimuli. Different spatiotemporal patterns were observed between the typical Linguistic N400 and the Non-linguistic N400, suggesting distinct brain generators. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of an N400 in res...

Over the last decade technological advances have been made which enable us to envision real-world applications of speech technologies. It is possible to foresee applications, for example, information centers in public places such as train stations and airports, where the spoken query is to be recognized without even prior knowledge of the language being spoken. Other applications may require ac...

human brain has been constructed to be different between male and female from structural and functional points of view. this research aims at the study of the difference between two genders in perception of non- affective (linguistic) prosody of speech. the present study is cross – sectional, whose subjects include 50 iranians in two gender categories of male and female. the responses of each g...

An attractor, in complex systems theory, is any state that is more easily or more often entered or acquired than departed or lost; attractor states therefore accumulate more members than non-attractors, other things being equal. In the context of language evolution, linguistic attractors include sounds, forms, and grammatical structures that are prone to be selected when sociolinguistics and la...

The present study explores the effects of non-linguistic experiences on biases for linguistic judgments, specifically consonant deletion patterns. When two adjacent consonants come into contact as a result of morphological concatenation, many languages will delete the first consonant (e.g., /bepdok/ becomes /bedok/). Speakers of these languages (as well as English speakers) prefer deletion of t...

the present study sought to investigate the evidence for cross-linguistic transfer in a partial english immersion and non-immersion educational setting. to this end, a total of 145 first, third and fifth graders in a partial english immersion program and 95 students from the same grade levels in a non-immersion program were chosen. six different english and persian tests were administered: the ...

Several choice processes of alternatives for non-homogeneous group decision making problems, assuming linguistic preference relations for expressing the opinions of individuals and linguistic values for expressing their respective power or importance degrees, are presented. These processes are designed using two choice degrees of alternatives based on the concept of fuzzy majority: quanti-er gu...