We thank David Gruen and Geoff Shuetrim for comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Reserve Bank of Australia.

This paper has two main objectives. First, it estimates the impact of related and unrelated variety of European regions’ knowledge structure on their patenting activity. Second, it looks at the role of technological relatedness and extra-local knowledge acquisitions for local innovative activity. Specifically, it assesses how external technological relatedness affects regional innovation perfor...

An abstract linkage is a one dimensional simplicial complex L with a positive number `(vw) assigned to each edge vw. A planar realization of an abstract linkage (L, `) is a mapping φ from the vertices of L to C so that |φ(v) − φ(w)| = `(vw) for all edges vw. We will investigate the topology of the space of planar realizations of linkages. You may think of an abstract linkage as an ideal mechani...

This paper presents a synthesis procedure for a spatial 4R linkage, known as Bennett’s linkage. It is known that the two solutions of the RR chain synthesis equations form a Bennett linkage. While analytical solutions to these equations have been developed previously, this paper uses the cylindroid that is known to exist for a Bennett linkage to simplify the solution process. It is interesting ...

Pyrophosphate linkages have a number of important roles in biology and are also formed chemically with great ease. They often are unwanted products, such as in the nonenzymatic oligomerization of mononucleotides. We have found that Zr(4+)- and Th(4+)-ions catalyze the symmetrical hydrolysis of pyrophosphate linkages. Oligonucleotide analogs linked by pyrophosphate bonds are substantially degrad...

This study concerns the structural change of lignin during auto-catalyzed ethanol-water pulping of aspen by 1H-NMR. The results showed that the linkages of alkyl-aryl ether of lignin, such as the α-ether linkages (α-O-4) and the β-ether linkages (β-O-4), were broken and the alkyl part formed carbenium at the Cα and Cβ of the aliphatic branch. Meanwhile, the aryl part of ether accepted one H and...

This paper characterizes which subsets of Cn can be the set of positions of n points on a linkage in C. For example, assuming compactness they are just compact semialgebraic sets. Noncompact configuration spaces are semialgebraics sets invariant under the Euclidean group, with compact quotient.

We show that deciding whether a graph with given edge lengths can be realized by a straight-line drawing has the same complexity as deciding the truth of sentences in the existential theory of the real numbers, ETR; we introduce the class ∃R that captures the computational complexity of ETR and many other problems. The graph realizability problem remains ∃R-complete if all edges have unit lengt...

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The majority of innovations are developed by multi-technology (or multi-sector) firms. The knowledge needed to invent new products is more easily adapted from some sectors than from others. Here, we study this network of knowledge linkages between sectors and its impact on firm innovation and aggregate growth. We develop a general equilibrium model of multi-sector firm innovation in which inter...