Brucellosis is one of the world’s major zoonosis, caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The world’s most widespread zoonosis affects cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals, leading to abortion, infertility, and low milk yields. Humans acquire brucellosis from direct contact with livestock or from drinking unpasteurized milk. Brucella spp. are considered as the most common laboratory-...

There is currently an obvious discrepancy between the officially reported data for seroprevalence of human and animal Brucellosis in Egypt and the data obtained from scientific reports. The present study gives a preliminary data about the seroprevalence of Brucella infection in dairy cattle herds from three large Egyptian Governorates located in the Nile Delta region. The study population consi...

OBJECTIVE The role of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in ovarian folliculogenesis and the development of mature and fertilizable oocytes is controversial. The aim of this study is to determine the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and NO in the follicular fluid (FF) and blood serum (S) of patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment (...

One of the major factors determining the incidence of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) on autumn-sown cereals is the viruliferous state of immigrant winged aphids. This variable is assessed routinely using the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). However, the threshold for virus detection by ELISA can lead to false negative results for aphids carrying less than 10(6) particles. Although m...

background: although many experimental studies provide convincing evidence that type ii immunity is protective against helminths, recent data in mice demonstrate that th1 is also impor-tant in some cestodes like hymenolepis nana. objective: to identify the role of th1 and th2 lymphocytes in immunity against h. nana, the levels of il-12, ifnγ, il-5, and il-13 were de-termined in serum of humans ...

background: inflammation is involved in development, progression, and complications of atherosclerotic disease. clinical studies have indicated that the level of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1), il-18, and adhesion molecules correlates with the severity of atherosclerosis and can predict future cardiovascular events. experimental studies have shown pentoxifylline (ptx) reduces these ...

citrus tristeza virus (ctv) is among the most destructive pathogens of citrus and causes substantial economic losses in citrus-growing industry worldwide. considering recent distribution of this pathogen and its capability of transmission by existing aphid vectors in iran, detection of this virus is enforceable for controlling the damage caused by this pathogen in iran, as one of the major citr...

Backgroundinterleukin 23 (IL-23) is an important factor involved in the survival and proliferation of T helper 17 cells (Th17), known for their implication multiple sclerosis (MS). By contrast, IL-27 regulates modulates function lymphocytes, particular as a suppressor Th17 differentiation. The aims study were i) to test association cytokines with clinical genetic characteristics each groups (CI...