A computational study of turbulent evaporating sprays is reported. The major focus is to study the structure of turbulent evaporating sprays and to examine the sensitivity of their vaporization behavior to transient liquid-phase processes. Three models considered to represent these processes are the thin-skin, infinite-diffusion, and diffusionlimit models. Favre-averaged equations with a k-s-g ...

A major contributor to atmospheric and ground water pollution is caused by fuel hydrocarbons. These problems can often occur through accidental emission during storage or use. Out of the millions of underground fuel storage tanks that are in place throughout the country many are leaking and many more are destined to produce leaks at some future date. The problem is serious enough that under the...

The soil substrate membrane system (SSMS) is a novel micro-culturing technique targeted at terrestrial soil systems. We applied the SSMS to pristine and diesel fuel spiked polar soils, along with traditional solid media culturing and culture independent 454 tag pyrosequencing to elucidate the effects of diesel fuel on the soil community. The SSMS enriched for up to 76% of the total soil diversi...

Phenolic compounds derived from biomass are important feedstocks for the sustainable production of hydrocarbon biofuels. Hydrodeoxygenation is an effective process to remove oxygen-containing functionalities in phenolic compounds. This paper reported a simple method for producing hydrocarbons by liquefying biomass and upgrading liquefied products. Three phenolic compounds fractions (1#, 2#, and...

The impact on the usage of commercial fuels such as gasoline in automobile vehicles is an alarm in terms of health effects as it emits higher level of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. In addition, the need and demand for Gasoline products are in the increasing trend because of more number of vehicles which are on road and Governments plan to increase the cost of fuel. As slowly the scarcity of...

BACKGROUND Infrastructure compatible hydrocarbon biofuel proposed to qualify as renewable transportation fuel under the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) is evaluated. The process uses a hybrid poplar feedstock, which undergoes dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Sugars are fermented to acetic acid, which undergoes conversion to ...

Background:Several studies have reported the toxicological implications of inhalation of petroleum hydrocarbon fumes in animal models. But, there is certainly little or no documentation of the exposure to petroleum hydrocarbon fuel on oxidative stress levels in humans, unlike the pulmonary physiology. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of constituents of the hydrocarbon f...