the arab literature undoubtedly was not a suitable position for the perfect philosophy in the past or in the contemporary era; but rays and glimmers of philosophy can be seen in their literature. except the philosophical sufism of hallaj and ibn arabi’s schools which were followed by jalal al din rumi and farid al din attar neishabouri in persian and arabic. the present article has studied the ...

pursuing literary studies based on chaos theory: Turbulent Mirror (Briggs and Peta) and Chaos: Making a New Science (Gleick), two monographs aimed at the non-specialist; Does God Play Dice? (Stewart); The Beauty of Fractals: Images of Complex Dynamical Systems (Peitgen-Richter), a visually amazing scientific treatise; and Computers, Pattern, Chaos and Beauty: Graphics from an Unseen World (Pick...

One of the leading problems modern Russian literary criticism is development grounds for describing process as a complex interaction new communicative conditions existence artistic literature, forms its production and consumption. Since sphere studies has been searching universal laws creativity more than two centuries, poetics literature was formed within framework various methodological schoo...

Translation of a literary text is a difficult task, for understanding literature requires knowledge of various linguistic levels of a literary text in addition to strategies and methods of translation. To this should still be added cognitive-based translation training which helps practitioners preserve the aesthetic aspects of a literary text. Focusing on short story as a genre with both ...

This chapter gives an account of the earliest Indian contacts with Indonesia according to first millennium AD inscriptions from East Kalimantan and Java. It discusses the changes which occurred in social, religious and political organization, particularly in Java, as a result. The dissemination of literary into Indonesia is examined in detail and a comparison is made of the rather limited liter...

Most definitions of literature have been criterial definitions, definitions based on a list of criteria which all literary works must meet. However, more current theories of meaning take the view that definitions are based on prototypes: there is broad agreement about good examples that meet all of the prototypical characteristics, and other examples are related to the prototypes by family rese...

A tone-vowel monitoring task similar to Ye and Connine’s (1999) experiment was conducted in Taiwan to examine how literary phonetic systems affect people’s perception of vowels, and then the relative temporal availability of vowel and tonal information. The results demonstrated that although participants were sensitive to the acoustic nature of monosyllablic stimuli, they mainly resorted to the...

Specialised or LSP translation is often compared unfavourably with literary translation in terms of the creative input required from the translator to produce a „good‟ translation. The supposed formulaic nature of LSP texts is contrasted with the creative nature of literary texts. The authors of LSP texts are often anonymous, possibly working in a team, and not necessarily native speakers of th...

Throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, imaginary voyages in the setting of the antipodes were published alongside genuine exploration accounts, and competed with them for the public’s attention. Both offered the novelty of glimpses into strange and exotic distant places and both were concerned with mapping, in painstaking detail, the routes taken and the lands discover...