objective(s):theneuroprotective effect of lithium has been attributed to its therapeutic action. however, the role of glial cells particularly astrocytes, and the possible interactions between neurons and astrocytes in neuroprotective effects of lithium have been disregarded. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of lithium on brain derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) an...

C and metallic bonding in solids profoundly impacts their properties, which have been widely exploited by humankind since ancient times. More exotic types of chemical bonding in solids are also known, for example, mixed ioniccovalent bonding characteristic of certain ceramics and perovskites. The basic classification of materials according to the type of chemical bonding in them goes together w...

Background: B cell CLL/lymphoma 2 protein, bcl-2, is an important anti-apoptotic factor that has been implicated in lithium’s neuroprotective effect. However, most studies have focused on assessing the effects of lithium in neurons, ignoring examination of bcl-2 in astrocytes, which also influence neuronal survival and are affected in bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate whet...

The effect of lithium bromide (LiBr) on the structure and properties poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers obtained by wet-spinning was studied. tensile modulus strength a PVA fiber were greatly enhanced irrespective post-spinning hot-stretching process. high degree molecular orientation arose from reduction in crystallinity hydrogen bonding between chains solution resulting addition LiBr, which re...

Objective(s) It is believed that the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation and proliferation are the results of activation of wnt signaling pathway. On the other hand, lithium chloride is reported to be able to activate this pathway. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lithium on in vitro proliferation and bone differentiation of marrow-derived MSC. Materials and ...

Electrochemical energy storage systems are categorized into different types, according to their mechanisms, including capacitors, supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells. All battery systems include some main components: anode, cathode, an aqueous/non-aqueous electrolyte and a membrane that separates anode and cathode while being permeable to ions. Being one of the key parts of any new electr...