The language model (LM) is a critical component in most statistical machine translation (SMT) systems, serving to establish a probability distribution over the hypothesis space. Most SMT systems use a static LM, independent of the source language input. While previous work has shown that adapting LMs based on the input improves SMT performance, none of the techniques has thus far been shown to ...

Hummingbirds possess an array of morphological and physiological specializations that allow them hover such that they maintain a stable position in space for extended periods. Among birds, this sustained hovering is unique to hummingbirds, but possible neural specializations underlying this behavior have not been investigated. The optokinetic response (OKR) is one of several behaviors that faci...

In this paper, we study the concept of statistical convergence on L?fuzzy normed spaces. Then give a useful characterization for statistically convergent sequences. Furthermore, illustrate that our method is more general than usual

This paper studies Tikhonov regularization for finitely smoothing operators in Banach spaces when the penalizationenforces too much smoothness sense that penalty term is not finite at truesolution. In a Hilbert space setting, Natterer [Applicable Anal., 18 (1984), pp. 29-37] showed with help of spectral theory optimal rates can be achieved this situation. ("Oversmoothing does harm.") For oversm...

Human's exploration of space has changed over time, depending on the expansion limits his knowledge. Space is infinite, but it limited by possibility human The original man knew very little about in which he lived - its shape, size, content, etc. Over began to take shapes that describe it. Those forms are dimensions, increased as knowledge in-creased. Knowledge spread more and more, from Earth'...

In this paper we develope the fundamentals of the generalized symplectic geometry on the bundle of linear frames LM of an n-dimensional manifold M that follows upon taking the R-valued soldering 1-form θ on LM as a generalized symplectic potential. The development is centered around generalizations of the basic structure equation df = −Xf ω of standard symplectic geometry to LM when the symplec...

Space-time multigrid refers to the use of methods solve discretized partial differential equations considering at once multiple time steps. A new theoretical analysis is developed for case where one uses coarsening in space only. It proves bounds on 2-norm iteration matrix that connect it norm when using same method corresponding stationary problem. When properly defined wavefront type smoother...

We de ne a true 3D lm as a lm that can be viewed from any point in space. In order to generate true 3D lms, the 3D-MATIC Research Laboratory of the University of Glasgow has been developing a capture 3D studio based on photogrammetry technology. The idea is simply to generate 25 photo-realistic 3D models of a scene per second of lm. After the presentation of the state of the art in the domain, ...