BACKGROUND In recent years, athletes have ventured into ultra-endurance and adventure racing events, which tests their ability to race, navigate, and survive. These events often require race participants to carry some form of load, to bear equipment for navigation and survival purposes. Previous studies have reported specific alterations in biomechanics when running with load which potentially ...

Fresh water source scarcity in arid and semiarid area is limitation factor for saline-sodic soil reclamation. The reusing of agricultural drainage and industrial wastewater are preferred strategies for combating with this concern. The objective of current study was evaluation in application of industrial sugar manufacture wastewater due to high soluble organic compounds in saline-sodic and sodi...

background: microleakage is one of the challenging concerns in direct fi lling restorations. understanding of its related factors is important in clinical practice. the aim of this study was scanning electron microscopy (sem) evaluation of marginal integrity in three types of tooth-colored restorative materials in class v cavity preparations and the effect of load cycling and polishing time on ...

In this study, an extended stress-based forming limit diagram (FLD) for prediction of necking based on the Marciniak and Kucznski (M-K) model is represented and applied in tube hydroforming. The bulge forming of a straight tube is simulated by finite element method and verified with published experimental data. This adaptive simulation technique is based on the ability to detect the onset an...

We investigated the issue of whether or not the CNS makes use of an internal model of the motor apparatus in planning and controlling arm movements. In particular, we tested the ability of subjects to predict different hand-held loads by examining grip force adjustments used to stabilize the load in the hand during arm movements. Subjects grasped a manipulandum using a precision grip with the t...

Predictive control of movement is more efficient than feedback-based control, and is an important skill in everyday life. We tested whether the ability to predictively control movements of the upper arm is affected by age and by cognitive load. A total of 63 participants were tested in two experiments. In both experiments participants were seated, and controlled a cursor on a computer screen by...

Economic load dispatch (ELD) problem between power plant units is formulated as a nonlinear optimization with continuous variables. The main target in this problem is optimum planning in power plant units with minimum cost while equal and non-equal constraints consisting load request and unit production capacity are followed. In this paper an effective method based on particle swarm algorithm o...

This paper focuses on the load transfer improvement caused by nanofibers (NF) in carbon fiber reinforced composites. Load transfer is defined as the ability to transfer the mechanical loading between two adjacent fibers through the surrounding matrix. NF action is explored with a finite element model representing two carbon fibers separated by a layer of a NF reinforced matrix. It appears that ...

Testing auction mechanisms experimentally in a controlled environment provides an inexpensive means for evaluating their relative merits. This paper describes a framework for testing the efficacy of a price-responsive load on a uniform price last accepted offer and a soft-cap market. Experimental evidence to date based on uniform price market testing has shown an ability of price responsive loa...

A precise short-term load forecasting technique is required for the economic and reliable operation of power system. Modern load forecasting techniques especially ANN methods are attractive as they have the ability to handle the non-linear relationships between load, weather temperature and the factors affecting it directly. In this paper, an investigation on the use of ANN for short term load ...