Load Frequency Control (LFC); Generation Rate Constraint (GRC); Governor Dead Band (GDB); Differential Evolution (DE); Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC); Redox Flow Battery (RFB) Abstract In this paper, a Modified Integral Derivative (MID) controller is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of multi-area multi-source power system in deregulated environment. The multi-source power system ...

Bayesian Networks (BN) provides a robust probabilistic method of reasoning under uncertainty. They have been successfully applied in a variety of real-world tasks but they have received little attention in the area of load-frequency control (LFC). In practice, LFC systems use proportional-integral controllers. However since these controllers are designed using a linear model, the nonlinearities...

This paper proposes a design of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for Load Frequency (LFC) in two-area electrical power system. The mathematical model the SMC is derived based on parameters investigated In order to achieve optimal use proposed controller, an optimisation tool called Bees Algorithm (BA) suggested this work tune SMC. dynamic performance system with employed LFC studied by applying load ...

Load frequency control (LFC) serves as a crucial component of automatic generation in renewable energy power systems. Its primary objective is to maintain balance between the output generators and load demand, thereby ensuring system stability. However, integrating sources into systems brings forth several challenges, such low quality poor stability due their uncontrollable nature. To enhance r...

The main objective of Load Frequency Control (LFC) is to regulate the power output of the electric generator within an area in response to changes in system frequency and tie-line loading .Thus the LFC helps in maintaining the scheduled system frequency and tie-line power interchange with the other areas within the prescribed limits. Most LFCs are primarily composed of an integral controller. T...

In this paper, a new artificial intelligence technique, Harmony Search (HS), will be used for the optimization of a classical order PID for a two-area load frequency control (LFC) model using the participation factor concept. The HS has four main variants, these variants had been used for the optimization of classical order PID controllers in case of centralized control scheme, the results had ...

The load frequency control (LFC) and tie-line power are the key deciding factors to evaluate performance of a multiarea system. In this paper, analysis two-area system is presented. This based on two metrics: LFC power. consists thermal plant generation hydro evaluated by designing proportional plus integral (PI) controller. hybrid gravitational search with firefly algorithm (hGFA) has been dev...

In this paper, Load Frequency Control (LFC) of isolated single area and two-area re-heat inter-connected thermal power system has been carried out by the classical controllers i.e. I, PI and PID; and implemented on the system at 1% step load perturbation under nominal loading conditions. The system responses have been simulated in MATLAB R2010a. Responses of deviation in frequencies, deviation ...