In this study we have fabricated eight different liquid-crystal lasers using the same gain medium but different homologues from the bimesogenic series alpha-(2',4-difluorobiphenyl-4'-yloxy)-omega-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4'-yloxy)alkanes, whereby the number of methylene units in the spacer chain varied from n=5 to n=12. To quantify the performance of these lasers, the threshold energy and the slope eff...

Diurnal mountain wind systems are local thermally driven wind systems that form over mountainous terrain and are produced by the buoyancy effects associated with the diurnal cycle of heating and cooling of the lower atmospheric layers. This chapter reviews the present scientific understanding of diurnal mountain wind systems, focusing on research findings published since 1988. Slope flows are e...

Experimental evidence suggests that the hippocampal theta rhythm plays a critical role in learning. Previous studies have shown long-term potentiation (LTP) to be preferentially induced with stimulation on the peak of local theta rhythm in region CA1 in anesthetized rats and with stimulation of the perforant path at the peak of theta in both anesthetized and behaving animals. We set out to dete...

We consider the asymmetric A-distance though it is not a metric due to the asymmetry in a rigorous sense. However, it reflects on an actual situation of urban areas that time from the demand point to the facility depends on the passing direction and in some places slopes and so it is asymmetric. Further, most residents in urban areas hope that even the city office should not be so near and so f...

The mixing of pollutions and sediments in near shore regions of natural water bodies depends heavily on the characteristics such as the strength and frequency of flow instability. In the present paper, the instability of natural convection induced by absorption of solar radiation in littoral regions is considered. Spectral analysis is conducted on the quasi-steady state flow to reveal the power...

We compared the responses of finger blood flow to local and/or whole body warming, as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (PERIFLUX PF-1d) (LDF), and by venous occlusion plethysmography (BF). The subject's hands were immersed in a bath of water whose temperature (Tw) was initially set at 25 degrees C. The tested hand was kept at about 10 cm above heart level to facilitate the drainage of finger...

Plant ecologists have recognized the importance of solar radiation for decades but have difficulty measuring it on plots. Proxies recorded on the ground or geographical information system (GIS) indices processed with a digital elevation model (DEM) have generally been used. Here we compare the efficiency of different methods of estimating spatially distributed topographic solar radiation, from ...

Thus the systems studied by CCGS do seem to be examSandslide or avalanche models were introduced in the work of Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld [1]. They looked at the process of adding grains of sand arbitrarily slowly to a model sandpile, and studied the spectrum of avalanches produced by the individual addition events. They suggested that the pile would adjust its slope to a critical value in whic...