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The memory T cell pool is characterized by a substantial degree of heterogeneity in phenotype and function as well as anatomical distribution, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we confirm that the memory CD4(+) T cell pool in wild-type and TCR-transgenic mice consists of heterogeneous subsets, as defined by surface marker expression or cytokine production. Extralymphoi...

Memory CD8 T cells, unlike their naive precursors, are capable of rapidly producing high levels of cytokines, killing target cells, and proliferating into numerous secondary effectors immediately upon Ag encounter. This ready-to-respond state contributes to their superior ability to confer protective immunity, yet the underlying molecular basis remains unknown. In this study, we show that memor...

TCR-induced NF-AT activation leads to the expression of both activating and inhibitory proteins. Previously, we had identified Egr-2 and Egr-3 as NF-AT-induced transcription factors which promote the inhibition of T cell activation. In this report we identify Sprouty1 as a downstream target of Egr-3. CD4⁺ T cells lacking Spry1 demonstrate enhanced proliferation and cytokine production. Likewise...