When a printed document is to be input to a computer system, the document must be converted to a computer-readable format, e.g., ASCII, PDF, RTF, CSV, or SGML/XML/HTML-tagged data. In order to obtain these data formats from a printed document, it is necessary to extract from the printed document as much information as possible, i.e., layout structure (layout objects and their hierarchical relat...

This paper proposes a logical framework that visualizes musicians' conceptual structures that are acquired in skill communication processes for musical expression as rhetoric. Generally, these conceptual structures are difficult to show difference between experts and beginners. So, we first carry out a theoretical analysis of musicians' awareness for musical expression using Channel theory and ...

We enrich concept-forming operators in L-rough Concept Analysis with linguistic hedges which model semantics of logical connectives ‘very’ and ‘slightly’. Using hedges as parameters for the concept-forming operators we are allowed to modify our uncertainty when forming concepts. As a consequence, by selection of these hedges we can control the size of concept lattice.

This paper proposes a new formal model and semantics for answering queries in a multilevel polyinstantiated database. A polyinstantiated database may contain some contradict,ory facts distinguished by their classification. The main objective of this paper is then to provide the user cleared at a given level with a consistent and complete view of the multilevel database corresponding to his clea...

This report presents additional, normative data for the Response Analysis Tester (RATER), a performance testing instrument, using geometric forms as stimuli. The results showed that somewhat higher scores were obtained with the geometric form stimuli than had been previously obtained using color stimuli. Examination of RATER scores as related to the Navy Basic Test Battery showed the only signi...

We propose a generalization of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in which sets of attributes are replaced by expressions of an almost arbitrary logic. We prove that all FCA can be reconstructed on this basis. We show that from any logic that is used in place of sets of attributes can be derived a contextualized logic that takes into account the formal context and that is isomorphic to the concept l...