OBJECTIVE The effects of pregnancy on depression and anxiety remain unclear. Previous research is predominantly cross-sectional, not representative of the general community, and does not include data on mental health prior to pregnancy. This study used longitudinal Australian population-based data to examine whether pregnancy is associated with increases in women's anxiety and depression levels...

PURPOSE This cross-sectional study takes a unique look at the association between patterns of walking and cognitive functioning by examining whether older adults with mild cognitive impairment differ in terms of the community settings where they walk and the frequency, intensity, or duration of walking. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample was based on interviews with 884 adults aged 65 years and ol...

BACKGROUND Longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and blood pressure have been inconsistent. Most studies have examined incident hypertension as an outcome, and few have examined effect modification. METHODS This study examined moderating influences of sex and age on coincident trajectories of depressive symptoms and blood pressure among 2,087 participants from the Baltimore Lo...

The Northern Swedish Cohort was started by Anne Hammarström [principal investigator (PI)] in collaboration with Urban Janlert and other researchers within the field of social medicine (Ragnar Berfenstam, Finn Diderichsen, Töres Theorell, Lars H Gustafsson, Claes Sundelin, Gustav Jonsson). At that time, the PI was a newly qualified registered medical doctor and was searching for a PhD project. A...

This study examined the effects of a school-based instrumental training program on the development of verbal and visual memory skills in primary school children. Participants either took part in a music program with weekly 45 min sessions of instrumental lessons in small groups at school, or they received extended natural science training. A third group of children did not receive additional tr...

BACKGROUND There is a high incidence of low back pain (LBP) among nurses. However, few longitudinal studies have investigated musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at other anatomical sites in nurses. AIMS To describe the cumulative incidence and persistence/recurrence of MSDs of the low back, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand and knee among New Zealand nurses, to investigate the impact of MSDs on...

BACKGROUND The risk of lung cancer has been shown to be inversely related to socioeconomic status (SES). Because the Canadian Cancer Registry does not contain socioeconomic data, the 1991 Canadian Census Cohort was used to study social determinants of lung cancer risk in the general Canadian population. DATA AND METHODS This study examines incidence rates of lung cancer and histologic subtype...

BACKGROUND Millions of villagers in Bangladesh remain exposed to high levels of arsenic (As) from drinking untreated well-water even though the scale of the problem was recognized 15years ago. Water treatment at the household-level has been promoted as a viable complement but few longitudinal studies of their efficacy using an objective measure of exposure have been conducted. Participants (N=6...

OBJECTIVES The current study sought to compare different features of unhealthy exercise on associations with disordered eating and their ability to identify individuals with eating disorders. A secondary aim of the study was to compare prevalence and overlap of different aspects of unhealthy exercise and potential differences in their gender distribution. DESIGN Cross-sectional epidemiologica...

BACKGROUND Objective measures of loneliness and poor social contacts are associated with negative health outcomes. However, the influence of subjective loneliness among elderly persons is poorly documented. We hypothesized that loneliness among persons aged 70-90 years is associated with subsequent decline in health, function, and longevity. METHODS Mortality data for subjects aged 70-90 year...