1. Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 2. University of Botswana Medical School, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; 3. Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; 4. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 5. University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 6. University of We...

Heat is a well-recognized hazard for workers in many outdoor settings, yet few investigations have compared the prevalence of outdoor work at the community level and rates of heat-related mortality and morbidity. This analysis examines whether heat-related health outcomes occur more frequently in communities with higher proportions of residents working in construction, agriculture, and other ou...

BACKGROUND Older patients who undergo mitral valve surgery (MVS) have high 1-year survival rates, but little is known about the experience of survivors. Our objective was to determine trends in 1-year hospital readmission rates and length of stay (LOS) in these individuals. METHODS We included 100% of Medicare Fee-for-Service patients ≥65 years of age who underwent MVS between 1999-2010 and s...

OBJECTIVE To determine how Hispanic residential concentration moderates the relationship between neighborhood collective efficacy and teenage birth rates. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of census tract level survey data and birth records. SETTING Sixty-five Los Angeles (California) County census tracts in 2000 and 2001. PARTICIPANTS Measures of neighborhood collective efficacy from 2600 ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To explicate the interrelationship between asthma hospitalization and race/ethnicity and income. DESIGN Small area ecologic analysis using census and administrative data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All asthma hospitalizations in California were identified using the 1993 California Hospital Discharge file. Small area analyses of Los Angeles (LA) were compared with published ra...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Severe burns result in a hypermetabolic state that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We reviewed the literature to determine if there is strong evidence that short-term β-blockers reduce the hypermetabolic state or mortality and length of stay (LOS) compared with no therapy in patients with severe burns. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Emba...

OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of nil per os (NPO) status and subsequent nutritional support with patient weight and length of stay (LOS) during admission for bronchiolitis in patients <2 years old. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients <2 years old admitted to an academic pediatric hospital between November 2009 and June 2011 with a Current Procedural...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To verify the validity of the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002 test in a Turkish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively investigated 2566 patients at a tertiary referral hospital. Nutritional status was screened using NRS 2002, and the length of the stay (LOS) was the main outcome measure. Hospital stays >10 days were accepted as prolonged LOS. NRS scores ≥3 w...

The observed distribution of galaxies has local transverse isotropy around the line of sight (LOS) with respect to the observer. The difference in the statistical clustering signal along and across the LOS encodes important information about the geometry of the Universe, its expansion rate and the rate of growth of structure within it. Because the LOS varies across a survey, the standard fast F...

BACKGROUND HIV-exposed newborns may be at higher risk of sepsis because of immune system aberrations, impaired maternal antibody transfer and altered exposure to pathogenic bacteria. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a study (clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00136370) conducted between April 2004 and October 2007 in South Africa. We used propensity score matching to evaluate the assoc...