The Steiner distance dc(S) of a subset S of nodes of a connected graph G is the minimum number of edges in a connected subgraph of G that contains S. We consider the behaviour of the expected value ILk (n) of dT(S) and the probability Pk(n, m) that dT(S) rn lover all subsets S of k nodes of trees T of order n from certain families of trees.

We prove that under mild conditions individually rational Pareto optima will exist even in presence of non-convex preferences. We consider decision makers dealing with a countable flow of payoffs or choosing among financial assets whose outcomes depend on the realization of a countable set of states of the world. Our conditions for the existence of Pareto optima can be interpreted as a requirem...

How does attention contribute to perceptual experience? Within cognitive science, attention is known to contribute to the organization of sensory features into perceptual objects, or ‘‘object-based organization.’’ The current paper tackles a different type of organization and thus suggests a different role for attention in conscious perception. Within every perceptual experience we find that mo...

This article deals with the textual dialogue between Adonis (born 1930) and al-Niffarī (died in 965 AD) poem, “The Transformations of Lover,” from Adonis’s poetry collection The book Migration Day Night Regions (1965) reveals Adonis’ melting mystic text his own text. First, this discusses Adonis's discovery al-Niffarī- unknown Şūfī who lived margins religious institution time. Then, it e...

This study integrated the computers as social actors (CASA) framework with objectification theory to predict that traits, such as sexism, influence perceptions of virtual representations as well as attributions of the source and message. Participants (N= 397) received a message about dating or job interviews presented by a virtual woman in either context-appropriate or context-inappropriate dre...

—Virtual Human Character movement is very essential on virtual reality game in order to perform natural or emotional movement. Basically, numerous researchers focusing on movements from input such as: joystick, mouse, and keyboard. The other movement's concepts come from artificial intelligence as a part of improving interactivity. This paper intends to offer different method of controlling the...

Telling stories is an important aspect virtual agents designed to interact with people socially over time. We describe an experiment designed to investigate the impact of the identity, presentation form, and perspective of a virtual storyteller on a human user who engages in a story-swapping activity with two virtual characters. For each interaction, the user was given 10 “ice-breaker” question...

house at night and stabs his father to death in a callous and brutal act of revenge. 'Georgie' then proceeds to disrupt the Harper household. He displaces one of Mrs. Harper's paying guests, Gerry Henderson, from her affection and she tells her lover to leave. Susan later discovers 'Georgie's' true identity and his interest in sex and violence, and begins to suspect his connection with Mr. Durn...

In 1914, a Turkish novella depicting young woman pressing dagger to the throat of bearded old man on its cover, with title Bloody Fairy ( Kanlı Peri ), appeared for sale bookshelves in capital Ottoman Empire (Fig. 1). This relatively small book fifty-four pages, price as low 50 paras, was available almost anybody who wanted purchase and read it. first popular series ten murder mysteries, Nation...