Despite widespread agreement that a carbon tax would be more efficient, many countries use fuel economy standards to reduce transportation-related carbon dioxide emissions. We pair a simple model of the automakers’ profit maximization problem with unusually-rich nationally representative data on vehicle registrations to estimate the distributional impact of U.S. fuel economy standards. The key ...

This study investigated control of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at rest and during electrical stimulation (ES) leg cycling exercise (LCE) in paraplegics (Para). Seven men with complete spinal lesions (T(5)-T(11)) and six able-bodied (AB) men participated in this study. Beat-to-beat changes in HR and MAP were recorded during carotid sinus perturbation. Carotid baroreflex func...

The olfactory organ of turtle consists of the upper chamber epithelium (UCE) and the lower chamber epithelium (LCE), detecting air-borne odorants and water-borne odorants, respectively. In this study, we investigated the number of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the UCE and LCE of soft-shelled turtle in order to find their possible differences among terrestrial, semi-aquatic and highly-aqu...

We develop a numerical model to simulate the impacts of overlapping energy policies on carbon emissions in the U.S. personal transportation sector. Consumers in our model demand fuel based on their underlying demand for miles and choices about car fuel economy; firms supply fuel by blending gasoline with corn, sugarcane, and cellulosic ethanol. We find that the current fuel tax, size-based fuel...

Xinjiang's agricultural carbon emissions showed three stages of change, i.e., continued to rise, declined and continued to rise, during 1991-2014. The agriculture belonged to the "low emissions and high efficiency" agriculture category, with a lower agricultural carbon emission intensity. By using the logarithmic mean divisia index decomposition method, agricultural carbon emissions were decomp...

The April 2012 Employment Package identified the green economy as a key source of job creation in Europe. According to estimates, implementation of energy efficiency measures could lead to 2 million jobs being created or retained by 2020 and the development of renewable energy sources could lead to 3 million jobs by 2020. . Yet, policies towards greening of the economy may have an impact on emp...

the present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of ethanol extracts from lindera coreana leaves (lce) on uvb-induced oxidative stress in hacat keratinocytes. the hacat cells were pretreated with lce for 24 h and then exposed to uvb (20 mj/cm2) for 2 h. uvb significantly decreased the cell viability (p<0.05). lce did not exhibit significantly cytotoxic effects and increased t...

The purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate four types of advanced conceptual power plants based on coal. With efficiency, costof-electricity, and emissions as main criteria, the evaluation was made under consistent design conditions and economic assumptions. The plants considered are a supercritical steam power plant (SC 580◦C), an indirectly coal-fired power system (HIPPS), an adva...

Longest Common Extension (LCE) queries are a fundamental sub-routine in many stringprocessing algorithms, including (but not limited to) suffix-sorting, string matching, and identification of palindrome factors and repeats. A LCE query takes as input two positions i, j in a text T ∈ Σ and returns the length l of the longest common prefix between T ’s i-th and j-th suffixes. It is clear that we ...

Longest common extension queries (LCE queries) and runs are ubiquitous in algorithmic stringology. Linear-time algorithms computing runs and preprocessing for constant-time LCE queries have been known for over a decade. However, these algorithms assume a linearly-sortable integer alphabet. A recent breakthrough paper by Bannai et. al. (SODA 2015) showed a link between the two notions: all the r...