AbstractChopping is a proficient way to reduce the low frequency offset and 1/f noise in amplifiers. In this paper, a low power low noise CMOS chopper amplifier is presented. It is composed of a two stage amplifier. The first stage’s high output impedance and the equivalent Miller capacitance of the second stage constitute together a low pass filter, which reduces the power consumption. The cir...

In this paper we introduce a CMOS low voltage/low power (LV/LP) voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). It includes a simple V-I converter, a current controlled ring oscillator based on new differential delay cells, and a source-coupled differential pair to convert differential signal to single-ended signal. The V-I converter is implemented as a source follower type, exhibiting excellent linearity...

quantum-dot cellular automata (qca) are a promising nanotechnology to implement digital circuits at the nanoscale. devices based on qca have the advantages of faster speed, lower power consumption, and greatly reduced sizes. in this paper, we are presented the circuits, which generate random numbers in qca. random numbers have many uses in science, art, statistics, cryptography, gaming, gamblin...

some geothermal reservoirs have temperatures below boiling point and therefore natural steam can not be produced for power generation. refrigerant power cycles may be then employed to recover low temperature heat. in this article study is made of the power cycles of six different relligrants and most suitable refrigerants for this purpose are suggested

The usage of regenerable low power sources is currently rather reduced. Utilization of some specialized softwares of SCADA type allow the operation of the low-power hydroelectric power plants in automatic regime, without local monitoring personnel, these being able to be remotely monitored and controlled. In this way, the utilization of such power plants becomes profitable. A special importance...