Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a significant project of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), initially proposed on the Toronto conference of 3GPP in 2004 and officially started as LTE work item in 2006. LTE, as a transition from the 3rd generation (3G) to the 4th generation (4G), has achieved great capacity and high speed of mobile telephone networks without doubt. It defines a new packet-o...

This paper presents the results of a detailed theoretical investigation of the impact of non-LTE effects and of granulation inhomogeneities on the derived iron and oxygen abundances in the metal-poor halo subgiant HD140283. Our analysis is based on both the ‘classical’ one-dimensional (1D) stellar atmosphere models and on the new generation of three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical models. The n...

Currently the Long Term Evolution (LTE) System is an internationally recognized mobile communication standard for 4G. With the advent of Machine to machine (M2M) devices and network capability, a suitable uplink scheduling strategy is strongly needed for such systems. Scheduling method is one of the hot topics among current researches for M2M over LTE. It is found that there are major differenc...

We propose a new figure of merit to assess the performance of light trapping nanostructures for solar cells, which we call the light trapping efficiency (LTE). The LTE has a target value of unity to represent the performance of an ideal Lambertian scatterer, although this is not an absolute limit but rather a benchmark value. Since the LTE aims to assess the nanostructure itself, it is, in prin...

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is consents pliable spectrum distribution which renders enriched wireless data services to users at lower latency and multi-megabit throughput. LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (Sc-FDMA) for downlink and Uplink transmission where OFDMA has been acquired in LTE for downlink transmission ...

Long term evolution (LTE) is the last step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks. LTE has adopted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for the downlink transmission. OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak...

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)’s Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards define the next major step in the evolution of cellular systems towards higher data rates, low latency, and greater spectral efficiency. This occurs in the context of a System Architecture Evolution (SAE) that specifies a packetswitched IP architecture for both voice and data transmission. We present a simulatio...

BACKGROUND Adolescent substance use rates in rural areas of the United States, such as upstate New York, have risen substantially in recent years, calling for new intervention approaches in response to this trend. The Mentor Foundation USA conducts the Living the Example (LTE) campaign to engage youth in prevention using an experiential approach. As part of LTE, youth create their own preventio...

The specifications of Long Term Evolution (LTE) in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) (Release 8) were just finished when work began on the new Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) standard (Release 9 and beyond). LTE-A meets or exceeds the requirements imposed by International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to Fourth Generation (4G) mobile systems, also called International Mobile Teleco...

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the most recent generation of mobile communications promising increased transfer rates and enhanced security features. It is todays communication technology for mobile Internet as well as considered for the use in critical infrastructure, making it an attractive target to a wide range of attacks. We evaluate the implementation correctness of LTE security functions t...