Multifocal cystic lung disease in infants is most commonly congenital, and is managed surgically with perioperative mechanical ventilation. Multifocal cystic lung disease in infants may be due to tuberculosis. We report a young infant with tubercular multifocal cystic lung disease and respiratory failure. The initial chest imaging revealed diffuse nodular infiltrates. Soon after admission he re...

BACKGROUND Recent investigations underscore the critical importance of ventilation strategies on resuscitation outcomes. In low perfusion states, such as cardiac arrest and traumatic shock, the rise in intrathoracic pressure that accompanies positive-pressure ventilation can significantly impede venous return and lead to a decrease in cardiac output. The optimal ventilation strategy in these "l...

piratory failure may require mechanical ventilation to maintain oxygenation. Persistent hypoxemia may entail additional treatments, such as inhaled nitric oxide or high-frequency oscillation, but these treatments are not universally available. In contrast, ventilation in the prone position, first recommended in 1974, can be readily implemented in any intensive care unit (ICU), and clinicians sh...

There is a call for methodologically robust randomised clinical trials in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for its routine implementation for patients with "failing" conventional ventilation. Adherence to lung protective ventilation strategies, along with fluid balance [if required early renal replacement therapy] and inotropes to support the circulation to minimise ventilator-induced ...

Hemorrhagic shock causes a reduction in oxygen supply to tissues leading to increased reactive oxygen species resulting in lung injury. Often mechanical ventilation is required as supportive treatment; however, ventilation can also induce lung injury and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three modes of controlled mechanical ventilation: volume control, pressure ...

INTRODUCTION Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) is an emerging therapy for emphysematous COPD. However, any resulting changes in lung perfusion and ventilation remain undetermined. Here, we report ELVR-mediated adaptations in lung perfusion and ventilation, as investigated by means of pulmonary scintigraphy. METHODS In this observational study, we enrolled 26 patients (64.9 ± 9.4 yrs, 57...

Review scope Included studies compared protective ventilation (lower VT) with conventional ventilation (higher VT) in patients who did not meet the consensus criteria for ARDS or acute lung injury and reported on the outcomes of interest, including lung injury {as defined by individual studies, but usually development of acute lung injury}*, mortality, pulmonary infection, atelectasis, time on ...

Although ventilation with small tidal volumes is recommended in patients with established acute lung injury, most others receive highly variable tidal volume aimed in part at normalizing arterial blood gas values. We tested the hypothesis that acute lung injury, which develops after the initiation of mechanical ventilation, is associated with known risk factors for ventilator-induced lung injur...

Mechanical ventilation of disease-affected lungs, as well as being an inadequate mode of ventilation for initially healthy lungs, can cause significant changes in their structure and function. In order to differentiate these processes, two terms are used: ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). In both cases, lung injury primarily results from differe...

INTRODUCTION IntelliVent-ASV™ is a full closed-loop ventilation mode that automatically adjusts ventilation and oxygenation parameters in both passive and active patients. This feasibility study compared oxygenation and ventilation settings automatically selected by IntelliVent-ASV™ among three predefined lung conditions (normal lung, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstr...