The first total synthesis of dispyrin, a recently reported bromopyrrole alkaloid from Agelas dispar with an unprecedented bromopyrrole tyramine motif, was achieved in three steps on a gram scale (68.4% overall). No biological activity was reported for dispyrin, so we evaluated synthetic dispyrin against>200 discrete molecular targets in radioligand binding and functional assays. Unlike most mar...

Ecdyonurus dispar gratificus ssp. nov. is reported from several small streams and rivers within the Donetsk Ridge (East of Ukraine). The new subspecies is described and illustrated on larvae and reared adults of both sexes. SEM photographs of the egg structures are presented. Critical diagnostic characters distinguishing the new subspecies from other representatives of the subgenus Ecdyonurus E...

Patrick C. Tobin*, Barry B. Bai, Donald A. Eggen and Donna S. Leonard Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA; Oregon Department of Agriculture, Plant Division, Salem, Oregon 97301, USA; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, Division of Forest Pest Management, Middletown...

Introduced insects and pathogens impact millions of acres of forested land in the United States each year, and large-scale monitoring efforts are essential for tracking the spread of outbreaks and quantifying the extent of damage. However, monitoring the impacts of defoliating insects presents a significant challenge due to the ephemeral nature of defoliation events. Using the 2016 gypsy moth (...

We investigated herbivore suitability, foliar chemistry, and seedling growth of blightsusceptible pure American chestnut,Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh., and a blight-resistant Chinese chestnut, Castanea mollisima Blume American chestnut hybrid, using supplemental fertilizer and ectomycorrhizal inoculation to affect nutrient availability and nutrient uptake, and the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispa...