C iência & Súde C otiva, 13(Su:569-577, 2008 Barreiro EJ. Desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Palestra apresentada na mesa-redonda: Ética no desenvolvimento de fármacos. XIV Congresso Paulista de Farmacêuticos, São Paulo, 2005. [acessado 2007 Dez 05]. Disponível em: http://www.farmacia. ufrj.br/lassbio/download/XIV_congPaulista.pdf Waxman HA. The lessons of Vioxx. Drug safety and sales. N Engl J...

Despite being a harsh environment, sand dunes are rich in invertebrates, with about 30% (188 species) of the British spider fauna represented (Duffey, 1968), and 53 species being strongly associated with coasts (Ratcliffe, 1977). Arachnologists have examined spider communities in relation to the seral succession of plant communities on sand dunes (e.g. Lowrie, 1948; Barnes, 1953; Perttula, 1984...

recent study, Arumugam et al. (2011), by combining fecal metagenomes of individuals from different countries, identified three different enterotypes (with the prevalence of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus species, respectively) that are not nation or continent specific, and showed that intestinal microbiota variation is stratified, not continuous, indicating further the existence of a...

The increasing use of screw-capped tubes and bottles in bacteriology, following their introduction by McCartney (McCartney, 1933; Mackie and McCartney, 1948), suggests many applications for a method which has been used successfully for dispensing pooled human serum for transfusion. The principle ofthe method adopted is that the glass container is autoclaved with its cap fitting loosely, but sui...

The inversion is the Non-Linear Conjugate Gradient (NLCG) algorithm of Rodi and Mackie (2001). This seeks to efficiently find a model that minimizes the objective function) P(τ χ S 2 m + = where ∑ = = N 1 i 2 i 2 i 2 σ r χ is the sum of the squared data residuals weighted by their variances and P(m) is a structure penalty function. At each choice of trade-off parameter τ, the resulting model m ...

Aviation mishaps stem from complex combinations of human error, managerial failure, design flaws, environmental and meteorological factors. Mackie [1] uses ‘causal fields’ to denote a subjective frame of reference that guides our search for particular causes. This helps to explain why many investigators focus on ‘primary’ forms of human computer interaction. There is a tendency to focus on the ...

The authors explored how social group cues (e.g., obesity, physical attractiveness) strongly associated with valence affect the formation of attitudes toward individuals. Although explicit attitude formation has been examined in much past research (e.g., S. T. Fiske & S. L. Neuberg, 1990), in the current work, the authors considered how implicit as well as explicit attitudes toward individuals ...

Post-earthquake repair costs are important for evaluating the performance of new bridge design options and different existing bridge configurations in the next major earthquake. Hazard and structural demand models provide information on the probabilistic structural response during earthquakes. Damage and decision models are needed to link the structural response to decisions on bridge repair ac...

Synapses provide pathways of communication between cells throughout the animal kingdom wherever a nervous system is present. The most primitive or elementary nervous system that can be readily recognized is the nerve net of coelenterates . The first synapses described at the ultrastructural level in nerve net animals were symmetrical synapses in marginal ganglia of jellyfish (Horridge and Macka...