this research summarizes the data on benthic macro invertebrates collected from 25 points in the urmia lake wetlands during november 2008 to february 2009. the purpose of the study was to assess the effects of elevated salinity and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) levels on macro invertebrate abundance and composition. a total of 32 taxa were collected, and the common taxa, including chirono...

In UCT and Bardenpho systems, by starting with 100 per cent municipal waste water as influent, incrementally decreasing the waste-water fraction and increasing the acetate fraction, an enhanced culture of polyphosphate (polyP) organisms was developed. Aerobic cultures, using the API procedure, indicated greater than 90 per cent of the microorganisms as Acinetobacter spp. As the acetate fraction...

In this paper, a multi-scale analysis scheme for solidification based on two-scale computational homogenization is discussed. Solidification problems involve evolution of surfaces coupled with flux jump boundary conditions across interfaces. We provide consistent macro-micro transition and averaging rules based on Hill’s macrohomogeneity condition. The overall macro-scale behavior is analyzed w...

S.H. Christensen et al. (eds.), Engineering, Development and Philosophy, Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 11, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5282-5_2, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 Abstract At the beginning of the twentyfi rst century, the philosophy of engineering is becoming its own distinct branch of philosophy. The growing importance of philosophy of engineering cannot be...

population growth and unemployment issues caused to care about entrepreneurship in third and fourth economic development programs. now, after execution of these programs, it is essential to assess entrepreneurship development progress. this article designed to formulate a model of entrepreneurship policies in order to assess these policies. so, a conceptual model formulated with 12 dimensions b...

A new micro-macro computational strategy is proposed for the analysis of structures which are described up to the micro level, such as composite structures. The description of micro and macro quantities is performed on the interface arising from the decomposition of the structure into an assembly of substructures and interfaces. A traction-based version of the micro-macro strategy is described ...