Micro-foundations have become an important emerging theme in strategic management. This paper addresses micro-foundations in two related ways. First, we argue that the kind of macro (or “collectivist”) explanation that is utilized in the capabilities view in strategic management ⎯ which implies a neglect of micro-foundations ⎯ is incomplete. There are no mechanisms that work solely on the macro...

Micro-foundations have become an important emerging theme in strategic management. This paper addresses micro-foundations in two related ways. First, we argue that the kind of macro (or “collectivist”) explanation that is utilized in the capabilities view in strategic management ⎯ which implies a neglect of micro-foundations ⎯ is incomplete. There are no mechanisms that work solely on the macro...

Background and Objectives: The goal of current study is to evaluate the performance of hospitals and their departments. This manuscript aimed at estimation of the most productive scale size (MPSS), returns to scale (RTS), and benchmarking for inefficient hospitals and their departments. Methods: The radial and non-radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) ap...

Existing modeling approaches are divided between a focus on the constitutive (micro) elements of systems or on higher (macro) organization levels. Micro-level models enable consideration of individual histories and interactions, but can be unstable and subject to cumulative errors. Macro-level models focus on average population properties, but may hide relevant heterogeneity at the micro-scale....

The present study determined and compared contents of macro- (Nitrogen-N, Phosphorus-P, Potassium-K, Calcium-Ca, Magnesium-Mg) and micro- (Zinc-Zn, Iron-Fe, Manganese-Mn, Cupper-Cu) nutrients in four seagrass species big-leaved (BL) Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f., small-leaved (SL) H. ovalis (R. Br.) Ascherson, H. spinulosa (R. Br.) Aschers. in Neumayer and Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Asch...

iii Contents Abstract v 1. Introduction 1 2. Optimal aggregation 5 3. From micro to macro 9 4. From macro to semi-and non-parametric 11 5. Statistical learning 17 6. Conclusion 23 Appendix. The dual quadratic program 23 References 27 v Abstract Support Vector (SV)-regression, a common tool in statistical learning, estimates functions as linear combinations of given (nonlinear) kernel functions....

There is an increasing interests in micro-expression researches. Spotting micro-expressions in long-term videos is very important, not only for providing clues for lie detection, but also for reducing the labor required to collect micro-expression data. However, little progress has been made in spotting micro-expressions. In this paper, we propose a Main Directional Maximal Difference (MDMD) An...

objective: in this study investigated effects of different amounts of pelleted manure with urea and micro elements on yield and seed quality of medicinal plants, pumpkin (cucurbita pepo var. styriaca). methods: the animal manure and urea as pellet with four levels (150 kg urea, 50 kg urea + 3.5 ton animal manure, 100 (kg) urea+ 1.5 ton animal manure and 150 (kg) urea+1.5 ton animal manure) loca...

Network Communities within Analytical Sociology One of the core issues (if not the core issue) in analytical sociology is the investigation of the micro-macro link in social phenomena (Hedström & Swedberg, 1998, Hedström, 2005). Analytical sociology endorses a social mechanism-based type of explanation according to which causal relationships between social phenomena at the macro-level are expla...