Metabolic costs of growth and maintenance were determined from the relationship M (metabolism) = m + nG (growth), where m is the metabolic rate at the feeding level at which growth is zero. In the past, the slope n was interpreted as indicating the metabolic costs of growth, and the costs of maintenance that arise with the increase in body mass were disregarded. These costs are included in n. I...

Maintenance costs of Information Systems (ISs) are high today and are growing. Part of the costs come from low software quality. The software quality can be measured when it is maintained. By improving the quality of maintenance prone modules future maintenance costs may be curtailed. In this article we will discuss how to measure software quality and we will also present a prototype that has b...

 In this paper a single server queuing production system is considered which is subject to gradual deterioration. The system is discussed under two different deteriorating conditions. A planning horizon is considered and server which is a D/M/1 queuing system is gradually deteriorates through time periods. A maintenance policy is taken into account whereby the server is restored to its initial ...

This paper studies a maintenance policy for a system composed of two components, which are subject to continuous deterioration and consequently stochastic failure. The failure of each component results in the failure of the system. The components are inspected periodically and their deterioration degrees are monitored. The components can be maintained using different maintenance actions (repair...

Lowering costs for software maintenance, development and reuse is a great challenge. Strategies like the 3 schema architecture for databases has shown to lower maintenance and development costs of databases. For a similar purpose an architecture has been developed over the last 10 years for object-oriented systems. This architecture is now named the COIR architecture and has helped in lowering ...

BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer caused by malignant plasma cells that accumulate mostly in the bone marrow. In Canada, the most common maintenance therapy options after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) are bortezomib and lenalidomide. OBJECTIVE To determine the incremental cost between bortezomib and lenalidomide maintenance therapies for patients with MM post ASCT. METHO...

Maintenance strategies for subsea oil and gas production installations entail the use of specialized equipment and vessels to carry out subsea interventions. The costs for carrying out preventive maintenance are significantly lower compared to the costs of unpredicted failures where in some cases it is necessary to reduce or stop the oil production. Based on a literature review and inputs from ...

Tiedo Tinga (Associate) professor Netherlands Defence Academy & University of Twente [email protected] The Netherlands The key issue of maintenance is finding the optimal balance between minimizing the effects of failing (sub-) systems on the one hand, and minimizing the maintenance costs on the other. For critical systems, where failures have serious consequences in terms of costs, safety, envir...

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) maintenance and upgrade activities are receiving much attention in ERP-using organizations. Annual maintenance costs approximate 25% of initial ERP implementation costs, and upgrade costs as much as 25-33% of the initial ERP implementation. Still, the area of ERP maintenance and upgrade is relatively new and understudied as compared to ERP implementation issue...

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) management represents a significant burden on the UK NHS. Understanding this burden will be important in informing future health care planning and policy development. AIM To describe the non-anticoagulation costs associated with AF management in routine UK clinical practice. MATERIALS PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective observational study of 825 patient...