Many distributed systems manage some form of long-lived data, such as files or data bases. The performance and fault-tolerance of such systems may be enhanced if the repositories for the data are physically distributed. Nevertheless, distribution makes security more difficult, since it may be difficult to ensure that each repository is physically secure, particularly if the number of repositori...

As we use software in increasingly varied contexts, the concept of a software license has become progressively more complex. Software is embedded in devices that do not obviously resemble computers. Web services make software on one computer available to anyone with internet access. An individual may use several computers over the course of the day so the concept of a node locked or individual ...

On the basis of extensive research on the relationship between physical activity, exercise and health, as well as strong support from policymakers and practitioners, the "Exercise is Medicine" initiative has become something of a linchpin in the agenda for modern healthcare reform and reflects a broader acceptance that the philosophy of health politics must shift from social engineering to perf...

It is generally said that code clone is a factor to make software maintenance difficult. A code clone is the set of code portions in source files that are identical or similar to another. If we make some changes in such a code portion, it might be necessary to apply the same changes in its clones. A code clone introduced by ‘copy-and-paste ’reusing tends to have gaps because the developer often...

This executive summary of Senator Durenberger's remarks was prepared by Julie Snyder of the University of Texas LBJ School of Public Affairs. The remarks were given in the context of a panel presentation moderated by Senator Durenberger, entitled "Provider and Insurer Perspective."

Code clone has been regarded as one of factors that make software maintenance more difficult. A code clone is a code fragment in a source code that is identical or similar to another. For example, if we modify a code fragment which has code clones, it is necessary to consider whether we have to modify each of its code clones. Hence, removal of code clones makes maintainability and comprehensibi...

In order to make software applications more reliable, it may be necessary to incorporate into them a strategy for tolerating software faults. In the case of critical applications, this is essential. In this paper we describe a general pattern, which we call the Reliable Hybrid pattern, that can be used to design fault tolerant software applications. The pattern supports development of applicati...