While photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy production has surged, concerns remain about whether or not PV power plants induce a "heat island" (PVHI) effect, much like the increase in ambient temperatures relative to wildlands generates an Urban Heat Island effect in cities. Transitions to PV plants alter the way that incoming energy is reflected back to the atmosphere or absorbed, stored, and rer...

abstract: the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socialization and gender identity between female students from the university of dezful payme noor. the methodology of this study was survey and used a questionnaire. population of this study was all female students at dezful payme noor university and 384 persons determined as the sample size with using lin table. th...

Background: A randomized controlled trial is considered the gold standard in clinical research, also in rare diseases. However, in small populations, single large-scale well-powered trials are often not possible. For valid decision-making, both on efficacy and on safety, evidence generated from series of trials could be exploited. Methods: We conducted a review over a five-year period between J...

The IUSSP Scientific Panel on Abortion, in collaboration with the Population Council’s Nairobi office, held a seminar on “Decision-making regarding abortion—determinants and consequences” in Nanyuki, Kenya, 3-5 June 2014. The seminar was supported by funds provided by the IUSSP, and with additional technical and financial support from STEP UP (Strengthening Evidence for Programming on Unintende...

The exercise of compulsory public health powers for the common good of the community, though rooted in constitutional authority, involves a potentially massive infringement of individual liberty, autonomy, and privacy. Yet, public health statutes do not reflect modern conceptions in either science or law. Most are structurally obsolete and lack criteria for judicial oversight and impartial deci...

Decentralisation is a complex, yet basic feature of health care systems in many countries entailing the transfer of authority or dispersal of power in public planning, management and decision making from higher to lower levels of government. This paper describes the attempts made in Greece from 1923 until today to decentralise its highly centralised health care system, drawing on a thorough doc...

Public participation is now part of many decision making processes for managing environmental and technical risks. This article describes a test of a strategy to improve the quality of public input by combining themes from risk communication with the prescriptive decision process of value-focused thinking. It was hypothesized that participating in a structured, value-focused risk communication ...

OBJECTIVES To describe radiologist's attitudes and perspectives on evidence-based medicine (EBM) and their practice. DESIGN Face-to-face semistructured interviews, thematic analysis. SETTING 24 institutions across six Australian states and New Zealand. Transcripts were imported into HyperRESEARCH software and thematically analysed. PARTICIPANTS 25 radiologists. RESULTS Six themes were i...

Commentators have described the primary responsibility of research ethics boards (REBs) as that of ensuring that research projects involving human participants commence, or continue, only if the participants “are adequately informed, freely consent to participate, and ... are not exposed to unreasonable risks of physical, social, psychological and economic harms that might occur as a result of ...