The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), commonly present in contaminated grains worldwide, induces expression of the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 in human monocytes. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that DON modulates transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of IL-8 expression in the U937 human monocyte model. When U937 cells were transfected with a wild-...

Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum in grains such as wheat and maize. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of citrus flavanones including, naringin (NAR), hesperidin (HES), and neohesperidin (NEO) on deoxynivalenol production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Methods: The studied flavanones were extracted fr...

Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat that results in economic losses worldwide. During infection, F. graminearum produces trichothecene mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON), that increase fungal virulence and reduce grain quality. Transgenic wheat expressing a barley UDP-glucosyltransferase (HvUGT13248) were developed and eva...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a potent mycotoxin and virulence factor produced by Fusarium graminearum. We examined the expression of the core DON biosynthetic gene Tri5 during wheat head infection of susceptible and resistant cultivars and susceptible cultivars treated with strobilurin fungicides (e.g., azoxystrobin). DON was quantified to correlate expression with toxin accumulation. The highest Tr...

Mycotoxins can reduce fertility and development in livestock, notably in pigs and poultry, although the effect of most mycotoxins on reproductive function in cattle has not been established. One major mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), not only targets immune cells and activates the ribotoxic stress response (RSR) involving MAPK activation, but also inhibits oocyte maturation in pigs. In this stu...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin affecting wheat quality. The formation of the "masked" mycotoxin deoxinyvalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) results from a defense mechanism the plant uses for detoxification. Both mycotoxins are important from a food safety point of view. The aim of this work was to analyze DON and D3G content in inoculated near-isogenic wheat lines grown at two locations in Minnesota...

Both mycotoxin contamination of feed and Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis have an increasing global economic impact on poultry production. Especially the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common feed contaminant. This study aimed at examining the predisposing effect of DON on the development of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. An experimental Clostridium perf...

dissolved organic nitrogen (don) is an important constituent of dissolved organic matter (dom). it has a considerable effect on total dissolved soil nitrogen and it is very important as a nitrogen source of many aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. dissolved inorganic nitrogen, which is another form of total soil dissolved nitrogen, includes no3, no2 and nh4, which is very important for plant nu...

O objetivo foi avaliar a capacidade das espécies fúngicas Aspergillus oryzae e Rhizopus oryzae em degradar desoxinivalenol (DON) em fermentação submersa. O meio submerso utilizado foi água destilada estéril contaminada com 1mg mL DON, inoculado com 4 × 10 esporos mL das espécies fúngicas. A amostragem foi realizada a cada 48 h até 240 h de processo, determinando a massa residual de DON, percent...

Physiological regulations of energy balance and body weight imply highly adaptive mechanisms which match caloric intake to caloric expenditure. In the central nervous system, the regulation of appetite relies on complex neurocircuitry which disturbance may alter energy balance and result in anorexia or obesity. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene, is one of the most abundant mycotoxins found ...