INTRODUCTION The importance of perfect apical seal in endodontics, more specifically in periradicular surgery, is the motivation/reason for development of root-end filling materials with favorable physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of root-end filling materials using scanning electron microscopy. MATERIALS ...

A gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) was trained to touch a target on its left or right by responding to pointing signals. The authors then tested whether the seal would be able to generalize spontaneously to altered signals. It responded correctly to center pointing and head turning, center upper body turning, and off-center pointing but not to head turning and eye movements alone. The seal also r...

introduction: the purpose of this in-vitro study was to investigate the influence of the remaining calcium hydroxide (ch) as an intracanal dressing on the apical sealing ability of three endodontic sealers. materials and methods: sixty-six single and straight canals of recently extracted human permanent maxillary central incisors were used. all canals were prepared and sixty of them were random...

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a conservative treatment to prevent the progression of caries using an infiltrant on non-cavitated pit and fissures. Material and Methods This controlled clinical trial selected 23 volunteers with clinically and radiographically non-cavitated occlusal caries among patients presenting a "rather low" to "very high" caries risk. Eighty-six teeth were random...

Introduction. Marginal seal or adequate marginal adaptation of material along the cavity walls should be able to prevent leakage tissue fluid and consequently bacterial microleakage, terefore, it is considered as significant factor for long term success endodontic treatment. The aim this work was test microleakage newly synthesized nanostructured biomaterials based on calcium aluminate, silicat...