Chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, is an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, is also important in maintaining cell wall integrity and is essential for Cryptococcus neoformans virulence. In their article, Gilbert et al. [N. M. Gilbert, L. G. Baker, C. A. Specht, and J. K. Lodge, mBio 3(1):e00007-12, 2012] demonstrate that the enzyme respon...

Background: The resistance of the bacteria and fungi to the innumerous antimicrobial agents is a major challenge in the treatment of the infections demands to the necessity for searching and fi nding new sources of substances with antimicrobial properties. The incorporation of the essential oils (EOs) in chitosan fi lm forming solution may enhance antimicrobial properties. Howe...

Environmental DNA and culture-based analyses have suggested that fungi are present in low diversity and in low abundance in many marine environments, especially in the upper water column. Here, we use a dual approach involving high-throughput diversity tag sequencing from both DNA and RNA templates and fluorescent cell counts to evaluate the diversity and relative abundance of fungi across mari...

Chitosan has been extracted from different marine crustacean from the Black Sea of Bulgarian Gulf. The contents of the various exoskeletons have been analyzed and the percent of the inorganic salt , protein, chitinand chitosan was determined. Deacetylation of the different chitin produced was conducted by the conventional thermal heating method. The chitosan was characterized by elemental analy...

Sustainable fish farming activities are a hope for all cultivators. Suitable and stable environmental conditions important factors the sustainability of to grow, reproduce, avoid stress disease. Providing balanced diet is one that must be considered. Diets equipped with additives have been in great demand by researchers field aquaculture, which chitosan. Chitosan (β-(1-4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine...

Deuterated chitosan was produced from the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae, cultivated with deuterated glucose in H2O medium, without need for conventional chemical deacetylation. After extraction and purification, composition structure were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). 13C NMR experiment...

UNLABELLED Cryptococcus neoformans is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes fatal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals and is responsible for a large proportion of AIDS-related deaths. The fungal cell wall is an essential organelle which undergoes constant modification during various stages of growth and is critical for fungal pathogenesis. One critical component of ...

Chitosan is a chitin-derived fiber, extracted from the shellfish shells, by-product of fish industry, or fungi grown in bioreactors. In oenology, it used for control Brettanomyces spp., prevention ferric, copper, and protein casse clarification. The International Organisation Vine Wine established exclusive utilization fungal chitosan to avoid eventuality allergic reactions. This work focuses o...