Previous research has found that the presence of grandparents, particularly grandmothers, is often positively associated with child survival. Little research has explored the potential mechanisms driving these associations. We use data from rural Guatemala to test whether contact with and direct investment (advice and financial) from grandparents is associated with child health, proxied by heig...

In mice and humans, the immunologic effects of developmental exposure to noninherited maternal antigens (NIMAs) are quite variable. This heterogeneity likely reflects differences in the relative levels of NIMA-specific T regulatory (T(R)) versus T effector (T(E)) cells. We hypothesized that maintenance of NIMA-specific T(R) cells in the adult requires continuous exposure to maternal cells and a...

The emergence of pluripotent epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE) lineages within the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse blastocyst involves initial co-expression of lineage-associated markers followed by mutual exclusion and salt-and-pepper distribution of lineage-biased cells. Precisely how EPI and PrE cell fate commitment occurs is not entirely clear; however, previous studies in mice...

The concept of celebrities has shaped societies throughout history. This work addresses the problem of celebrity identification from social media interactions. “Celebritiness” is a characteristic assigned to persons that are initially based on specific achievements or lineage. However, celebritiness often transcends achievements and gets attached to the person itself, causing them to capture po...

Female mammals inactivate one of their two X-chromosomes to compensate for the difference in gene-dosage with males that have just one X-chromosome. X-chromosome inactivation is initiated by the expression of the non-coding RNA Xist, which coats the X-chromosome in cis and triggers gene silencing. In early mouse development the paternal X-chromosome is initially inactivated in all cells of clea...

This paper examines intergenerational relations in Taiwan with a major focus on how the relations between second and third generations may be affected by prior family experiences between first, second and third generations. As a typical patriarchal family system, lineage differences regarding the effects of three-generation households on intergenerational relations are explored. Panel data from...

A real-time qPCR assay was designed to detect African-derived subspecies of western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). The probes targeted the same region mitochondrial cytochrome b gene used in previous restriction enzyme assays. Using samples from 16 A. representing four lineages, we evaluated efficacy this identify African- (or A-lineage) and non-A-lineage bees. successfully differentiated A-li...

background: as one of the main criteria of health outcomes, maternal mortality indicates the socioeconomic development level of countries. the present study aimed at identifying and analyzing the effective factors on maternal mortality in eastern mediterranean region (emr) of the world health organization (who).   methods: analytical model was developed based on the literature review. panel dat...

reduction in maternal mortality requires an in-depth knowledge of the causes of death. this study was conducted to explore the circumstances and events leading to maternal mortality through a holistic approach. using narrative text analysis, all documents related to maternal deaths occurred from 2007 to 2011 in kerman province/iran were reviewed thoroughly by an expert panel. a 93-item chart ab...

background an effective emergency referral transport system is the link between the home of the pregnant woman and a health facility providing basic or comprehensive emergency obstetric care. this study attempts to explore the role of emergency transport associated with maternal deaths in unnao district, uttar pradesh (up).   methods a descriptive study was carried out to assess the causes of a...