tube hydroforming (thf) process is used to produce the complex components from the initial cylindrical tubes. in this paper, t- shape component was formed using a tube hydroforming machine and the residual stresses of hydroformed tube was determined by hole drilling method. subsequently, the thickness distribution and residual stresses of final tube were investigated using experimental and fini...

Friction stir lap welding of 7B04 aluminum alloy was conducted in the present paper, and the effect of welding speed on the defect features and mechanical performance of lap joints was investigated. The results indicate that the hook defect at the advancing side (AS) can reduce the effective thickness of the top sheet, and the sheet thinning level is gradually lowered by increasing the welding ...

friction-stir welding process is a novel method of solid state welding, which produces heat due to friction between the pin, the shoulder and the workpiece. this heat causes a paste area. shoulder pressure and pin spin cause edges integration and lead to welding. in this study, firstly, the feasibility of welding of steel sheet (en10130) with a thickness of 1.5mm has been tested by 58 experimen...

An investigation of terrestrial bryophyte species diversity and community structure along an altitudinal gradient from 2,001 to 4,221 m a.s.l. in Gongga Mountain in Sichuan, China was carried out in June 2010. Factors which might affect bryophyte species composition and diversity, including climate, elevation, slope, depth of litter, vegetation type, soil pH and soil Eh, were examined to unders...

The extent of glacier ice in the Canadian High Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) has been debated for decades. One school proposed a regional Innuitian Ice Sheet whereas another proposed a smaller, non-contiguous Franklin Ice Complex. Research throughout western Nares Strait supports coalescent Innuitian and Greenland ice during the LGM, based on widespread glacial and marine deposit...

One of the greatest challenges of manufacturing sheet metal parts is to obtain consistent part dimensions. Springback, the elastic material recovery when the tooling is removed, is the major cause of variations and inconsistencies in the final part geometry. Obtaining a consistent and desirable amount of springback is extremely difficult due to the non-linear effects and interactions between pr...

In order to perform experimental measurements for evaluation of imaging device's performance, data acquisition technique, and clinical images on scintigraphic imaging, many kinds of phantoms are employed. However, since these materials are acrylic and plastic, the thickness and quality of those materials cause attenuation and scatter in itself. We developed a paper sheet phantom sealed with a p...

in this work, an inverse finite element formulation was modified for considering material anisotropy in obtaining blank shape and forming severity of deep drawn orthotropic parts. in this procedure, geometry of final part and thickness of initial blank sheet were known. after applying ideal forming formulations between material points of initial blank and final shape, an equation system was obt...

We consider a mathematical model for the quasi-static deformation of a thinning sheet. The model couples a first-order equation for the thickness of the sheet to a prescribed curvature equation for the displacement of the sheet. We prove a local in time existence and uniqueness theorem for this system when the sheet can be written as a graph. A contact problem is formulated for a sheet constrai...

This paper describes an investigation into the effect on wave propagation of an ice sheet of varying thickness floating on water of varying depth. A variational principle equivalent to the governing equations of linear theory in three dimensions is given, forming the basis of a Rayleigh-Ritz approximation. Here we invoke the mild-slope approximation in respect of the ice thickness and water dep...