Recovery of degraded reefs is dependent on the settlement of coral larvae into habitats typically dominated by benthic algae, so that benthic algae may play pivotal roles in coral settlement and reef recovery. Here we demonstrate that waterborne influences of macroalgae could affect coral settlement before larvae contact reef substrata and that such effects vary between macroalgae. We tested fo...

Intensive research on China’s Western Loess Plateau has located 63 Palaeolithic deposits, which together allow the authors to present a general model of hominin occupation from 80 000 to 18 000 years ago. Tools, subsistence and settlement correlate nicely with the climate: the warm wet MIS3 seeing expansion and more organised acquisition of quartz, and the Late Glacial Maximum that followed, a ...

Experiments performed in the field and in the laboratory show that the barnacle, Balanus improvisus, preferentially settles on smooth surfaces. Settlement and recruitment of B. improvisus was evaluated on micro-textured surfaces with scales of surface texture ranging from 1 to 100 µm in profile heights. Surface texture with profile heights within a topographic range of 30-45 µm reduced settleme...

This paper evaluates the different AREMA gradations currently in use for their effects on both ballast void space and load carrying performances using a discrete particle analysis computational technique called Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The effect of gradation on aggregate assembly volumetric properties was first studied. Full-scale ballast layers with common gradations listed in AREMA s...

To mitigate carbon emissions during the construction of deep foundation pit support in undulating strata, a theoretical calculation approach was utilized to design and compute for Qingdao’s Metro Line 4. On this basis, numerical simulation method is used optimize scheme with surface deformation stress structure. The results show that final ground settlement 5.26 mm, maximum horizontal displacem...

Synopsis Biofouling, the attachment and growth of organisms on submerged, man-made surfaces, has plagued ship operators for at least 2500 years. Accumulation of biofouling, including barnacles and other sessile marine invertebrates, increases the frictional resistance of ships’ hulls, resulting in an increase in power and in fuel consumption required to make speed. Scientists and engineers reco...

This paper investigates the existence and extent of economies of scale in depository and settlement systems. Evidence from 16 settlement institutions across different regions for the years 1993–2000 indicates the existence of significant economies of scale. The degree of such economies, however, differs by size of settlement institution and region. While smaller settlement service providers rev...

The settlement and adhesion of Navicula perminuta and Ulva linza to methyl-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of increasing chain length has been investigated. Organisms were allowed to settle onto the monolayers and were subsequently exposed to hydrodynamic shear stress in order to determine their adhesion strength. Results show that as the SAM structure changes from amorp...

The modified Cam-clay model (MCC model) is capable of representing the consolidation process soil under a complex stress path and thus extensively adopted in numerical analysis excavation engineering. For reliability problems ground surface settlement excavation, minimal attention has been paid to investigating effect spatial variable MCC parameters on during staged construction excavation. Bas...