This study compares the maze learning performance of three artificial neural network architectures: an Elman recurrent neural network, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and Mona, a goal-seeking neural network. The mazes are networks of distinctly marked rooms randomly interconnected by doors that open probabilistically. The mazes are used to examine two important problems related to arti...

Cognition is vital for carrying out behaviours required survival and reproduction. Cognitive performance varies between species, but also individuals within populations. While variation a prerequisite natural selection, selection does not act on traits in isolation. The extent to which cognitive covary with other aspects of phenotype (e.g. personality traits) may be important shaping evolutiona...

in the present study, the effect of 5-ht2a receptor blockers in ca1 region of rat hippocampus on spatial learning was assessed in a t-maze, a spatial discrimination task. rats were canulated bilaterally and injected daily vehicle (saline), 5-ht2a-selective antagonist, ketanserin (0.6, 1.2 or 2.4 µg/0.5 µl) and pirenperone (0.1, 0.3, 1.2 or 2.4 µg/0.5 µl) into the cannula 30 minutes before train...

intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (stz) causes cognitive impairment in rats. the beneficial effect of crocus sativus l. extract (cse) was evaluated on icv stz-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. for this purpose, rats were injected with icv stz bilaterally, on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg). the stz-injected rats received cse (60 mg/kg; i.p.) every o...

objective(s): there is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine (meth) on spatial memory. we tested the time- dependent effects of meth on spatial short-term (working) and long-term (reference) memory in meth –sensitized and withdrawn rats in the morris water maze. materials and methods: rats were sensitized to meth (2 mg/kg, daily/5 days, sc). rats were trained in water maze ...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inflammatory pulpal pain on spatial learning and memory in male wistar rats. fifty-six adult rats were divided into eight groups as follows (n=7 per group): control, sham-operated group that received normal saline, sham vehicle group that received vehicle of capsaicin, three capsaicin treated groups that received intradental injection of 10...