Introduction: Rembrandt impact basin (~715 km in diameter) is one the largest and most well-preserved impact basins on Mercury [1]. Crater density measurements indicate that Rembrandt is comparable in age to the Caloris impact basin, the largest and also one of the youngest basins on Mercury [e.g., 2, 3]. The basin rim-crest is visible and several massifs define an inner ring approximately 450 ...

The objective of this study was to compare the long-term safety of a fixed combination of fenoterol hydrobromide (50 microg) and ipratropium bromide (20 microg) delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI) formulated with a non-chlorinated propellant, hydrofluoroalkanel34a (HFA-MDI), with delivery using the conventional chlorofluorocarbon propellant (CFC-MDI, Berodual/Bronchodual). The study wa...

An inhaler adapter has been designed for the characterization of the aerosol clouds from medical aerosol generators such as nebulizers, dry powder inhalers (dpis) and metered dose inhalers (mdis) with laser diffraction technology. The adapter has a pre-separator, for separation of large particles (i.e. carrier crystals) from the aerosol cloud before it is exposed to the laser beam. It also has ...

We read the valuable comments and observations of Dr. Mahmood Al-Mendalawi about our paper1 with interest and thank him for his contribution to the discussion. We agree with the comments about body mass index and the fact that the proper use of growth charts, especially using a population-based formula, are essential in conducting studies related to growth. In our study, the aim was to look for...

Background In a questionnaire, we found that pediatric clinicians at Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital (BTUH) have low confidence levels in prescribing multiple daily injections (MDI) for newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We designed evaluated locally tailored prescription guidance to improve MDI discharge prescriptions doctors of all grades. Methods tool by adapti...

background: we investigated the efficacy of a mobile-based  bolus advisor app in comparison with the usual multiple daily  injections (mdis) in diabetic patients. materials and methods: in a nonrandomized, controlled clinical trial, 62 diabetic patients  were selected to receive a 12-week intensive glycemic control by either a mobile-based bolus advisor (app) or mdi in the usual manner.we compa...

Asthma is a chronic disease with both inflammatory and bronchoconstrictive elements and often requires multiple medications. Most asthma regimens include medications with different therapeutic modes of action and a number of different medication delivery devices. To effectively participate in their asthma management, patients need to recognize each of their medication types, understand their pu...

This study investigated the influence of the use of different types of inhalers on the adequacy of inhalation technique among adult asthmatics. Three hypotheses were tested: first, patients using only one type of inhaler will demonstrate adequate inhalation technique more often than those with two or more types. Secondly, patients using a combination of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) will demonstra...

BACKGROUND Reversibility after administration of an inhaled bronchodilator is not always demonstrable in patients with asthma. Bronchodilator aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction has also been reported to occur in some patients. METHODS Fifteen selected patients showing < 10% improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) when tested with four doses of salbutamol (0.1 mg/dose) or...