A new, sensitive method of measurement of current-voltage characteristics (CVC) of the type i(U) approximately U(1 + beta U2) was applied to study ionic channels formed by gramicidin D in bilayer lipid membranes (BLM). The values of the non-linearity coefficient beta of the CVC of membranes modified by gramicidin D depended on electrolyte concentration, C, and expressed the weak nonlinearity of...

To understand how a single neurone processes information, it is critical to examine the relationship between input and output. Marsalek, Koch and Maunsell’s study focused on output jitter (standard deviation of output interpike interval) found that for the integrate-and-fire (I&F) model this response measure converges towards zero as the number of inputs increases indefinitely when interarrival...

Inference for the mean of a normal distribution with known coefficient of variation is of special theoretical interest because the model belongs to the curved exponential family with a scalar parameter of interest and a two-dimensional minimal sufficient statistic. Therefore, standard inferential methods cannot be directly applied to this problem. It is also of practical interest because this p...

In judging the effectiveness of methods of solving crystal structures, or in phase refinement and development, two criteria are commonly used. The first is the mean phase error, which may be weighted in some way, and the second is the map correlation coefficient which describes the similarity of a map with estimated phases to that with true phases. It is shown that these two measures are direct...

In this study, the performance of three different self organization feature map (SOFM) network models denoted as SOFM1, SOFM2, and SOFM3 having neighborhood shapes, namely, SquareKohonenful, LineKohonenful, and DiamondKohenenful, respectively, to predict the critical factor of safety (Fs) of a widely-used artificial slope subjected to earthquake forces was investigated and compared. For this pu...

The Brønsted acidic ionic liquid ([BMIm]HSO4) catalyzed three-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-trione derivatives at room temperature. The integrity of the ionic liquid remains reasonably unchanged when it is separated from the reaction mixture by water extraction, as it can be recycled several times without any loss of activity in each of the title syntheses. The products a...

The solubility isotherm for CaHPO4 • 2H2O (DCPD) in the three-component system Ca(OH)2 — H3PO4 — H2O was determined in the pH range 3.5 to 6.8 by leaching a thermostated column of DCPD with dilute phosphoric acid solutions. In confirmatory experiments, equilibrium was approached both from superand under-saturation by shaking DCPD with appropriate solutions. The calculated ionic activity product...

A simple and mild procedure for the conversion of anilines into aryl isocyanates is described using the 3-hydroxypropylammonium acetate (HPAA) ionic liquid as a novel and efficient media has been explored in the synthesis of aryl isocyanates from the reaction of substituted urea with sodium nitrite in a water immiscible solvent. This ionic liquid can be easily recovered and reused for many time...

Ionic liquids such as 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts make excellent catalysts and solvents for synthesis of dialkyl 2-(dialkoxyphosphoryl)-3-(1-oxo-1-H-phthalazin-2-yl)succinates from 2H-phthalazin-1-one, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and trialkyl phosphites. Under similar conditions, triphenyl phosphite led to dialkyl 2-(diphenoxyphosphoryl)-3-(1-oxo-1-H-phthalazin-2-yl)succinates. The ionic ...