Pharmaceutical pictograms have the potential to play an important role in optimizing compliance in the illiterate patient population. Pictograms may improve warning comprehension for those with visual or literacy difficulties and can sometimes be recognized and recalled far better than words. The main purpose of this study is to determine whether these pictograms can be effectively understood b...

One of the major frequent problems in text retrieval comes from large number of words encountered which are not listed in general language dictionaries. However, it is very often the case that these words are morphologically complex, and as such have a meaning which is predictable on the basis of their structure. Furthermore, such words typically belong to specialized language uses (e.g. scient...

Through tile alignment of definitions fronl two or more dilTerent sources, it is possible to retrieve pairs of words that can be used indistinguishably in the same sentence without changing tile meaning of the concept. As lexicographic work exploits common defining schemes, such as genus and dilTerentia, a concept is simihu'ly defined by different dictionaries. The dilTerence in words used betw...

the present study aimed at investigating whether vocabulary-learning strategies had any impact on the vocabulary learning of iranian efl learners. the participants of the study were 67 male and female undergraduate university students, majoring in english translation and english literature at islamic azad university, north tehran branch, who were taking “reading comprehension ii” course. in ord...

this article studies the generative grammar approach and some other theories driven from it to lexicon and lexical entries. generative grammar is known as a syntax-based theory, so some aspects of language which have been studied in this theory may have been ignored in other theories. this article shows that more attention has been given to lexicon and lexical entries since 50s. we may claim th...

Lexicon coverage is often the limiting factor in natural language processing systems. Recent work has attempted to remedy this situation by extracting information from machine readable dictionaries. Unfortunately, no NLP lexicon system or dictionary could possibly list all the potential words of English. However, humans are often able to interpret novel word forms (that is, words they have not ...

Recently, there has been great interest both in the development of cross-linguistically applicable annotation schemes and in the application of syntactic parsers at web scale to create parsebanks of online texts. The combination of these two trends to create massive, consistently annotated parsebanks in many languages holds enormous potential for the quantitative study of many linguistic phenom...

This paper presents a Chinese dependency syntax for treebanking. The syntax contains 13 word classes and 34 dependency types. A format of treebank based on the syntax is also proposed for the applications of computational and general linguistic research. Some experiments show that the treebank based on the proposed dependency syntax can be used for training and evaluating the dependency parser ...

Automatic sense-tagging is one of the next challenges that corpus linguists have to face. So far, results are modest, despite numerous efforts, and sense-tagging appears as a vexing task. Difficulties stem from various sources, and in particular the extraction of disambiguating information from the context. However, one of the main problems comes upstream of the disambiguating process and lies ...

Sparse representations using overcomplete dictionaries has concentrated mainly on the study of pursuit algorithms that decompose signals with respect to a given dictionary. Designing dictionaries to better fit the above model can be done by either selecting one from a prespecified set of linear transforms or adapting the dictionary to a set of training signals. The K-SVD algorithm is an iterati...